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2021 Geography WAEC Paper 2 Theory Past Questions

WAEC: GEOGRAPHY 2021 Geography WAEC Paper 2 Theory Past Questions

ESSAY

GEOGRAPHY 2

[80 marks]

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

Answer four questions in all: two questions each from Sections A and B.

All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION A: (1 – 3) Answer two questions from this section

SECTION B: (4- 6) Answer two questions from this section

Responses

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2021 WAEC Geography Theory Paper 2 Question 1

Question:

The Table X below contains information on population of four districts of country Z in the year 2016. Use the information to answer the questions which follow.

 Table X

District Population (millions) Land Area (km2)
A 5.5 60,000
B 8.0 105,000
C 6.7 125,000
D 4.8 88,000

 

(a) Calculate the:

(i) total population of country Z; [2 marks]

(ii) total land area of country Z; [2 marks]

(iii) population density of country Z;  [2 marks]

 

Answer:

(i) total population of country Z; [2 marks]

The summation of the population figures of the various Districts (A to D) in millions

⇒ (5.5 + 8.0 + 6.7 + 4.8) million

= 25,000,000 or 25 million

 

(ii) total land area of country Z; [2 marks]

Answer:

The total land area of country Z

Sum up the land areas of the various Districts in sqkm

⇒ 60,000 + 105,000 + 125,000 + 88,000

= 378,000sqkm or 378,000km2

 

(iii) population density of country Z;  [2 marks]

Answer:

The total land area of country Z

Use the formula;

Pop. density = \( \frac{Total\:population}{Total \: land \: mass /  area} \)

⇒ \( \frac{25,000,000}{378,000} \)

= 66 persons per square kilometre

 

Question:

(b) State four factors which are responsible for high population density of countries [8 marks]

Answer:

The Factors responsible for high population density of a country are;

  • High birthrate
  • Low death rate
  • Improved technology
  • Favourable climate
  • Lack of family planning
  • Good transportation facilities
  • Improved standard of living
  • Availability of infrastructure
  • Establishment of industries
  • Employment opportunities
  • Good governance
  • Political stability
  • Good educational facilities
  • Presence of social amenities
  • Topography/relief
  • Improvement in agricultural facilities and practices
  • Establishment of administrative headquarters
  • Presence of water that is usable
  • Improved sanitation
  • Availability of good medical facilities
  • Cultural factors
  • Booming Commercial activities
  • Presence of tourism facilities

 

Question:

(c) Explain three advantages associated with countries of high

population density [6 marks]

Answer:

The advantages associated with countries of high population density are;

  • Enough population for defence during warLarge labour force
  • Full utilization of resources available
  • Increased tax yield
  • Large market demand
  • Adequate manpower to be exported
  • Increase in productivity
  • High investment opportunities
  • Obtainance of respect in the committee of the nation
  • Increased social interaction
  • Easy dissemination of information
  • There is effective planning

2021 WAEC Geography Theory Paper 2 Question 2

Question:

(a) (i) Define settlement [2 marks]

Answer:

Settlement is a building or group of buildings with people living in them

 

(ii) Name two types of urban settlement classified according to population size [2 marks]

Answer:

Urban settlement that is classified based on populations are;

  • Town
  • City
  • Conurbation
  • Metropolis
  • Megalopolis and
  • Millonair city

 

Question:

(b) In what five ways are urban settlements dependent on rural Settlements [10 marks]

Answer:

The ways in which Urban settlement depends on rural settlement are;

  • Market  for manufactured goods
  • Agricultural produce
  • Material for construction purposes
  • Supply of unskilled manpower
  • Supply of local craft
  • Artefact provision
  • Custodian of tradition and culture
  • Provision of fossil fuels like wood and charcoal
  • Recreation facilities like fishing and hunting

 

Question:

(c) Outline three functions of urban settlements [6 marks]

Answer:

The functions of urban settlement are;

  • Administrative function
  • Educational function
  • Provision of tertiary services
  • Centre for innovation and ideas
  • Employment opportunities
  • Commercial function
  • Religious function/Ecclesiastical function
  • Socio-cultural function
  • Historical function like Seat of royalty
  • Defence/security
  • Dissemination of information

2021 WAEC Geography Theory Paper 2 Question 3

Question:

(a) What is tourism? [2 marks]

Answer:

Tourism means travelling of person(s) out of their immediate communities to another for pleasure and personal reasons for a period not less than 24hours and not more than one year.

 

Question:

(b) Outline five factors that favour the development of tourism [10 marks]

Answer:

Factors that favour development of tourism are;

  • Adequate security
  • Favourable climate
  • Beautiful environment
  • Presence of adequate infrastructure
  • Adequate security
  • Good transport network
  • Political stability
  • Historical sites, parks and game reserves
  • Adequate fund or capital
  • Suitable accommodation
  • Presence of abundant wildlife

 

Question:

(c) Highlight four problems created by the tourism industry in developing countries [8 marks]

Answer:

The problems created by the tourism industry in developing countries are;

  • Environmental pollution
  • Environmental degradation
  • Pressure on available resources
  • Adulteration of culture
  • Increase in social vices
  • Increase in crime rate
  • Increase in government expenditure
  • Loss of artifact through theft
  • Damage of tourist sites
  • Negative reportage by tourists
  • Tendency of having terrorist attack
  • Poaching
  • Almost unbearable high cost of products and services

2021 WAEC Geography Theory Paper 2 Question 4

Question:

(a) Draw a sketch of a map of Nigeria showing Kainji Dam, Lake Chad and Ibadan [1 mark]

On the map, locate and name:

(i) The Kainji dam [2 marks]

(ii) Lake Chad [2 marks]

(iii) Ibadan [1 mark]

 

Answer:

 

Question:

(b) Highlight three factors that impede the development of solar energy in Nigeria [6 marks]

Answer:

The factors that impede the development of Solar Energy in Nigeria are;

  • Capital intensive project
  • The availability of other sources of energy
  • High cost of spare parts
  • Low level of technological know-how
  • No proper government policy on Solar energy development
  • High cost of production
  • Low technical manpower
  • Inadequate creation of awareness
  • Poverty among individuals
  • Vandalism and theft of existing ones
  • The unhealthy attitude of Nigerians toward change
  • Fear of toxic chemicals in manufacturing cells
  • Unreliability of Solar radiation
  • Corruption among Nigerians

 

Question:

(c) Explain four problems created by the construction of the Kainji dam in Nigeria. [8 marks]

Answer:

The problems created by the construction of Kainji Dam in Nigeria are;

  • Loss of arable land
  • Loss of pastural land
  • Flooding
  • Problem of repairing and reconstruction of collapsed dam wall.
  • Silting
  • Displacement of original inhabitants
  • High cost of resettlement to New Busa
  • Increase and spread of water-borne diseases
  • Displacement of wildlife
  • Interruption of water transportation
  • Deforestation
  • Creation of conflict on the use of the river/dam between Nigeria and Niger Republic

2021 WAEC Geography Theory Paper 2 Question 5

Question:

(a) Draw a sketch map of Nigeria [1 mark]

On the map, show and name:

(i) Latitude 40N and 140N; [2 marks]

(ii) Longitude 30E and 150E; [2 marks]

(iii) Enugu [1 mark]

Answer:

 

Question:

(b) Describe Nigeria under the following headings:

(i) size; [4 marks]

(ii) location; [6 marks]

(iii) position. [4 marks]

Answer:

(i) Size

(I) The country has landmass of 923,768sqkm

(II) Its North to South stretch is 1,100km and East to West is 1,300km

(III) Its population is over a 150million

(IV) It is of one-seventh of the size of West Africa

(V) It is also the fourth largest country in West Africa

(VI) It is among the most populated countries in Africa

(ii) Location

(I) The country is located in the continent of Africa but in the West African subregion

(II) It is in the Northern hemisphere, North of the Equator

(III) Occupies between longitude 30E and 150E of the Greenwich Meridian.

(IV) Also occupies between latitude 40N and 140N of the Equator.

(V) The longitudinal extent is 120and

(VII) Latitudinal extent of 100.

(iii) Position

(I) The Northern, western and Eastern boundaries are of French-speaking countries otherwise known as Francophone countries but the South is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean.

(II) In the north it is bounded by Niger Republic

(III) In the West by Benin Republic

(IV) In the East by Republic of Cameroon

(V) Rivers Benue and Niger form a confluence at the centre of Nigeria, Lokoja.

2021 WAEC Geography Theory Paper 2 Question 6

Question:

(a) (i) List four industrial towns in Nigeria [4marks]

Answer:

Industrial towns in Nigeria are;

  • Lagos
  • Kano
  • Zaria
  • Jos
  • Nkalagu
  • Port Harcourt
  • Onitsha
  • Aba
  • Ibadan
  • kaduna

(ii) Indicate one type of industrial activity in each of the towns listed in 6(a)(i). [4 marks]

Answer:

Lagos has the following;

Breweries, flour mills, textiles, plastic etc. industrial activities.

Kano

Textile, Meat canning, vegetable oil mills, cigarette making, flour mills etc.

Jos

Flour mills, Tin and Columbite smelting, Confectioneries, soap making etc industrial activities.

Nkalagu

Cement manufacturing, clay and ceramic industrial activities.

 

Question:

(b) Outline three contributions of industries to the economic development of Nigeria [6 marks]

Answer:

The contributions of industries to the economic development of Nigeria

  • Encourages both internal and international trade
  • Provides employment opportunities
  • Aids infrastructural development
  • Encourages the establishment of other sectors
  • Provides opportunity for Manpower development through skill acquisition
  • Aids in the provision of funds for education and research work
  • Source of foreign earnings
  • Encourages the transfer of technology
  • Aid in improvement of the standard of living
  • Some of the industries provide raw materials to other industries
  • Encourages the growth of settlements
  • Provides goods and services
  • Source of revenue for the government
  • Balance of trade is made favourable
  • The country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is increased
  • Controls inflation of goods and services
  • Investors are encouraged by the income they get.

 

Question:

(c) Identify three problems which are limiting industrial development in Nigeria [6 marks]

Answer:

The problems limiting the development of industries in Nigeria are;

  • Shortage of raw materials
  • High cost of production
  • Inadequate skilled manpower
  • Low level of technology
  • Insufficient funds
  • Worker’s poor attitude to work
  • Inadequate social amenities
  • Difficulty in obtaining foreign exchange
  • Over-dependence on foreign-made goods
  • Poor management skills
  • Unfavourable government policies
  • Labour unrest
  • Inadequate transport network
  • The production capacities are underutilized
  • Difficulty in land acquisition due to land tenure system

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