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  1. 2023 Government WAEC (WASSCE) Past Questions
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  2. 2022 Government WAEC (WASSCE) Past Questions
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  3. 2021 Government WAEC (WASSCE) Past Questions
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  4. 2020 Government WAEC (WASSCE) Past Questions
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  5. 2019 Government WAEC (WASSCE) Past Questions
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  6. 2018 Government WAEC (WASSCE) Past Questions
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  7. 2017 Government WAEC (WASSCE) Past Questions
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  8. 2016 Government WAEC (WASSCE) Past Questions
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  9. 2015 Government WAEC (WASSCE) Past Questions
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  10. 2014 Government WAEC (WASSCE) Past Questions
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WAEC: GOVERNMENT 2022 Government WAEC (WASSCE) Past Questions 2022 Government WAEC (WASSCE) Theory Past Questions (Paper 2)
Lesson 2, Topic 1
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2022 Government WAEC (WASSCE) Theory Past Questions (Paper 2)

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Content:

  • 2022 Government WAEC (WASSCE) Theory Past Questions (Paper 2)
  • SECTION A (1 – 5) – This shall contain five (5) questions, out of which candidates shall be required to attempt any two (2) only.
  • SECTION B (6 – 10) – This shall contain sets of five (5) questions each and each candidate is to answer two (2) questions.
  • Duration – 2½ hours

SECTION A (1 – 5)

ELEMENTS OF GOVERNMENT

Answer any two (2)

Question 1:

Identify five reasons for which citizens lose trust in government.

View Answer

Question 2:

In what five ways can the electoral management body ensure fair play in an electoral contest in Nigeria?

View Answer

Question 3:

Highlight five negative impacts on a state should the judiciary fail to live up to its constitutional mandate.

View Answer

Question 4:

Identify five differences between the state as an entity and government as an institution.

View Answer

Question 5:

Explain five reasons for the decline in public trust of the media in our country.

View Answer

SECTION B (6 – 10)

POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS IN WEST AFRICA AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Answer any two (2)

Question 6:

Identify five ways in which traditional rulers controlled their subjects in pre-colonial Nigeria.

View Answer

Question 7:

Outline five significant provisions for 1989 Third Republican Constitution which deepened the democratic development of Nigeria.

View Answer

Question 8:

Highlight five benefits which the adoption of federalism has brought to the political development of Nigeria.

View Answer

Question 9:

(a) What is meant by E-government?

(b) Explain five benefits which Nigeria stands to gain in adopting E-government.

View Answer

Question 10:

Highlight five compelling reasons for which Nigeria interacts with international organizations.

View Answer
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Question 1

Identify five reasons for which citizens lose trust in government.

Answer:

i. Failure of the Past Government: Due to the failure of the past government to fulfil fair promises.

ii. Fear of Intimidation: This may discourage the individual from expressing his/her opinions freely and this may affect his/her trust in the government.

iii. Apathy/Lack of Interest: This may create distrust or barriers between individuals and the government.

iv. Poverty: The high level of Poverty in the country may discourage citizens from trusting the government.

v. Ignorance/Illiteracy: The effort of this is that citizens may not see the need to participate in politics due to their lack of knowledge of government activities.

vi. Inability to provide social services/social amenities e.g education, roads, health.

vii. Human rights abuses.

viii. Extravagant spending and lifestyle of government officials.

Question 2

In what five ways can the electoral management body ensure fair play in an electoral contest in Nigeria?

Answer:

i. Independence of the electoral body: The electoral body should be made up of autonomous rather than appendages of the executive arm of government. The government should not interfere with the conduct of elections.

ii. Secret balloting: Voting should be done secretly, so as to give the voters the freedom to vote for a candidate of their choice.

iii. Political education of the electorates: The electorates should be educated on their rights, how to identify party symbols and the proper manner of voting.

iv. Non-inference: There should be no political interference in the affairs of the commission.

v. Appointment: The officials of the commission should not be appointed by the executive government. It should be done by the independent body which is the commission.

vi. Integrity: Those to be appointed to the commission must be people of proven integrity and transparent honesty.

vii. Legal backing: The commission should be adequately backed up with laws to enable it to command respect and obedience from political parties and candidates.

viii. Security: Adequate security should be provided at polling stations.

Question 3

Highlight five negative impacts on a state should the judiciary fail to live up to its constitutional mandate.

Answer:

i. Rule of Law is Compromised: The rule of law is compromised as a result of the judiciary’s independence being interfered with. Many people who otherwise wouldn’t get their way through the regular channels are always too eager to rush to the judiciary in an effort to beat the odds. This could permanently undermine the rule of law if not stopped.

ii. Opens the Floodgates for Mob Justice: It occurs when public law and order are not upheld in accordance with established rules and regulations but rather in accordance with what the public desires at any given time. This opens the floodgates for mob justice and a state of lawlessness and recklessness. This is a poor precedent that should not be allowed to take place.

iii. Likely to Create Confusion: Confusion may result in judicial mandates that are inconsistent with or in conflict with legislative ones, which is likely to lead to heavy confusion.

iv. Highly Prone to Bias: In this situation, the judiciary frequently issues decisions that are largely influenced by the lobbyists’ influence rather than those that are truly beneficial to the public. As a result, biases are very likely to exist, especially in favour of those who have the necessary influence. Not to mention the likelihood that corruption and bribery will spread.

v. Interferences with the Independence of the Legislature: Judiciaries should be totally independent and unhindered. Interfering with the independence of the legislature. Because of this, they must, for the most part, be free from interference from the executive and political class.

vi. Abuse of rights and citizens.

vii. Loss of confidence in the judiciary system.

Question 4

Identify five differences between the state as an entity and government as an institution.

Answer:

State: Government:
i. It is a territorial association of people
with defined boundaries.		 Government is an administrative
institution within a state.
ii. A state is more inclusive and therefore
greater than government
e.g. it includes government and
other associations within it.		 Government is only part of
the state.
iii. A state is relatively permanent.
It is a continuing entity.		 Government is a temporary
institution. It lasts for a
period of time.
e.g. 4 years.
iv. A state depends on the government
to conduct its affairs.		 Government is the machinery which executes the functions of a state. It maintains the existence
of a state.
v. The elements of the state are
sovereignty, government, population,
territory, etc.		 The main organs of government
are the legislative, executive
and judiciary.
vi.  It has governor to execute all the
operations at state level.		 President executes all the operations.
vii. A state depends on the government to
carry out its activities.		 Government is the machinery through
which the functions of the state
are performed.
viii. It is a territorial association of people with
defined boundaries.		 lt is an administrative institution of
the state.
ix. It is an entity of jurisdiction in the
international legal system.		 It is an exclusive coercive organization
for making and enforcing decisions.

Question 5

Explain five reasons for the decline in public trust of the media in our country.

Answer:

i. Publication of false, inaccurate and exaggerated information; Most often the information made public by Nigerian media is false and overblown.

ii. Manipulation of media by government and politicians to favour and promote their selfish interests.

iii. Poor pay which makes media practitioners vulnerable to bribes thus misinforming the public.

iv. Affiliation of the media with the ruling government

v. Ownership Structure of Media: Most of the media houses are either owned by the government (federal and state) or by politicians and or businessmen who have vested interests in politics or government, thus they hardly publish objective information.

vi. Lack of Self-regulation: Media houses in Nigeria are regulated by government agencies and so can’t publish information independently.

vii. Publication of immoral materials that corrupt moral values.

Question 6

Identify five ways in which traditional rulers controlled their subjects in pre-colonial Nigeria.

Answer:

i. Settlement of Disputes: The traditional rulers performed some judicial functions by settling disputes among people in their community.

ii. Creation of Law Enforcement: They also created law enforcement institutions e.g. age grades and masquerades, especially able-bodied youths, to enable them to maintain law and order in the community.

iii. The use of Ancestral Spirits: The ancestral spirits were used by the traditional rulers to control their subjects which they believe guides their footsteps.

iv. The use of Sanctions and Punishments: These measures were applied against lawbreakers in the community, e.g. banishment.

v. The Introduction of Rewards: People who had contributed to the development of their areas were rewarded with titles or distribution of land and war booty.

vi. Appointment of Chiefs: Chiefs were appointed by traditional rulers to control their subjects.

vii. Conscription of Youths: The traditional rulers conscripted youths to perform forced labour and serve in the British army during the world wars.

viii. Preserving and Promoting Traditions: Traditional rulers preserved and promoted the cherished customs and traditions of the people.

ix. Holding Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Powers: Traditional rulers held all the executive, legislative, and judicial powers of their domain.

Question 7

Outline five significant provisions of the 1989 Third Republican Constitution which deepened the democratic development of Nigeria.

Answer:

The Significant provisions of the 1989 Third Republican Constitution are as follows:

i. Introduction of Presidential System of Government: The 1989 Republican Constitution retained the 1979 presidential system of government.

ii. Two-party System: The constitution adopted a two-party system of government.

iii. Federal Capital: Abuja, the new federal capital would not have the status of a state.

iv. Independence of Judiciary: Provision was made for the entrenchment of the independence of the judiciary in the constitution.

v. Compilation of Election Results: Provision was made for rounding off fractions to a whole number arising from the final compilation of election results/votes.

vi. Adoption of School Certificate: The adoption of a secondary school certificate as the minimum qualification for eligibility for participation in politics and in seeking political offices has succeeded.

vii. Citizenship: Citizenship by registration, by birth and naturalization was defined accordingly.

viii. Fundamental Human Rights: The fundamental human rights were also entrenched in the 1989 Republic Constitution.

Question 8

Highlight five benefits which the adoption of federalism has brought to the political development of Nigeria.

Answer:

Benefits which the adoption of federalism has brought to the political development of Nigeria are:

i. It increases the level of participation by individuals: People become more involved with their government in a variety of ways when federalism is the structure in a place. Elected officials are closer to what a citizen is than a state official under this structure, which means people can visit a local office to express their opinions without fear of judgment. When we have a chance to embrace diversity as a culture, then it is an opportunity to draw upon each of our strengths to create something amazing. Other forms of government do not offer such an opportunity.

 

ii. It provides a structure that diffuses governmental power: Many forms of federalism look to create checks and balances throughout society as a way to create an equal governing process. By diffusing power to multiple branches of office. When power is not centralized in a government, then there are fewer issues with individual corruption that can impact the entire nation.

 

iii. It creates protection against tyranny: This form of government will also make it challenging for a single branch of government to obtain complete control over the structure. There is no way to obtain runaway power in this structure unless voters approve of that process first. Even when there is a significant majority of one party in the government, it can still be difficult to create monumental changes that impact everyone. This process is one of the primary reasons why democratic countries choose this form over the other governing options which are available.

 

iv. It encourages a system of cooperation: Different communities have unique requirements that they must meet to maximize their quality of life. Instead of mandating that everyone follows the same set of laws, this system allows each community to create a foundation that works best for their needs. If you travel to almost any town, city or village in the United States, then you will discover a different set of laws, rules and regulations to follow. Many of them are similar, but there are also several which are not.

v. It allows the government to become more responsive to individual needs: When a government is closer to its citizens, then it can provide a responsive solution when there are citizen needs, emergency situations or changes that are necessary in the structure of laws. The local governments could distribute resources first instead of relying on the national government like the Island because of the availability of local resources.

 

vi. State governors have a better understanding of their states, powers and functions.

Question 9

(a) What is meant by E-government?

Answer:

E-government is defined as the employment of the Internet and the World Wide Web for delivering government information and services to the citizens. E-government describes the use of technology to facilitate the operation of government and the disbursement of information and services.  

 

(b) Explain five benefits which Nigeria stands to gain in adopting E-government.

Answer:

i. Ultimate goal: The ultimate goal of the E-government is to be able to offer an increased portfolio of public services to citizens in an efficient and cost-effective manner. E-government allows for government transparency. This is important because it allows the public to be informed about what the government is working on as well as the policies they are trying to implement.

ii. Efficient Performance: Many changes such as marital status or address can be a long process and take a lot of paperwork for citizens. E-government allows these tasks to be performed efficiently with more convenience to individuals.

iii. Political Participation: E-government is an easy way for the public to be more involved in political campaigns. It could increase voter awareness which could lead to an increase in citizen participation in elections.

iv. Convenient and Cost-effective: It is convenient and cost-effective for businesses. The public benefits by getting easy access to the most current information available without having to spend time, energy and money.

v. Accessibility: E-government helps to simplify processes and makes access to government information more easily accessible for public sector agencies and citizens.

vi. Accountability: E-government transparency will give insight to the public on how decisions are made and hold elected officials accountable for their actions. The public servants could become a direct and prominent influence in government legislation to some degree.

vii. Interaction with Computers: E-government allows the citizen to interact with computers to achieve objectives at any time and any location. It eliminates the necessity for physical travel to government agents sitting behind desks and windows.

viii. Quicker Processing Time: Improved accounting and record keeping can be noted through computerization and information and forms can be easily accessed, equating to quicker processing time.

Question 10

Highlight five compelling reasons for which Nigeria interacts with international organizations.

Answer:

i. For Political Reason: Nigeria interacts with international organizations like the U.N.O and A.U. to create a peaceful and secure, good government etc.

ii. Economic Reason: Natural resources are not evenly distributed, so nations can benefit through interaction with one another. Nations can get what they do not have through interaction.

iii. Social and Cultural Reason: Nations interact for love and friendship among nations and to eliminate conflict. Socio-cultural interaction helps nations to get together and share things in common e.g. sports, interchange of culture etc.

iv. Nigeria also interacts with international organizations for security purposes. It can share security information with other countries.

vi. She interacts with international organizations for development and cooperation in their areas of need.

vii. Transfer and acquisition of skills and knowledge.

viii. Enhancement of Fundamental Human Rights.

ix. For job creation and employment opportunities.

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