2017 JAMB Use of English Past Questions CBT

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE I

The emergence of a standard dialect produces the phenomenon known as “accent”, which is quite different from dialect. In the process of learning a foreign language, it is normal to transfer the patterns of an indigenous language to those of the foreign language. With time, however, those of form and most of those of orthography and phonology gradually get eliminated. This is because these can easily be identified and corrected. They are easy to correct because they do not involve patterns of muscular movement. It is also necessary to correct them because otherwise they could seriously impair intelligibility.

With phonetic patterns, on the other hand, there is a great deal of intelligibility tolerance because muscular patterns are involved, thus making corrections difficult when observed. Besides, phonetic patterns do not impair intelligibility much. Hence the transference of phonetic habits from one language to another is both easier to tolerate and more difficult to avoid than transference at the lexico-grammatical level. It follows that a speaker who is learning a second dialect does so with an accent since the muscles of his speech organs would have crystallized in response to the phonetics of his native language which he learnt first. The speaker therefore speaks the second dialect with the phonetic features of his native dialect. The learning of a standard language is simply the learning of a second dialect – that which has been standardized.

Members of a language community control at least two dialects and use both dialects in different situations. In the rural areas, the native dialect is used in most situations since there is less movement. Therefore, rural dwellers tend to be parochial and maintain the homogeneity of their dialect. In the urban community, on the other hand, there is more demand for the standard dialect than for the rural one. This is because people from different regions converge here. In order to ensure mutual intelligibility resulting from the pressure of communication, a great deal of demand is made on the standard dialect which now becomes the lingua franca amongst them.

Members of a language community control at least two dialects because

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE I

The emergence of a standard dialect produces the phenomenon known as “accent”, which is quite different from dialect. In the process of learning a foreign language, it is normal to transfer the patterns of an indigenous language to those of the foreign language. With time, however, those of form and most of those of orthography and phonology gradually get eliminated. This is because these can easily be identified and corrected. They are easy to correct because they do not involve patterns of muscular movement. It is also necessary to correct them because otherwise they could seriously impair intelligibility.

With phonetic patterns, on the other hand, there is a great deal of intelligibility tolerance because muscular patterns are involved, thus making corrections difficult when observed. Besides, phonetic patterns do not impair intelligibility much. Hence the transference of phonetic habits from one language to another is both easier to tolerate and more difficult to avoid than transference at the lexico-grammatical level. It follows that a speaker who is learning a second dialect does so with an accent since the muscles of his speech organs would have crystallized in response to the phonetics of his native language which he learnt first. The speaker therefore speaks the second dialect with the phonetic features of his native dialect. The learning of a standard language is simply the learning of a second dialect – that which has been standardized.

Members of a language community control at least two dialects and use both dialects in different situations. In the rural areas, the native dialect is used in most situations since there is less movement. Therefore, rural dwellers tend to be parochial and maintain the homogeneity of their dialect. In the urban community, on the other hand, there is more demand for the standard dialect than for the rural one. This is because people from different regions converge here. In order to ensure mutual intelligibility resulting from the pressure of communication, a great deal of demand is made on the standard dialect which now becomes the lingua franca amongst them.

According to the passage,

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE I

The emergence of a standard dialect produces the phenomenon known as “accent”, which is quite different from dialect. In the process of learning a foreign language, it is normal to transfer the patterns of an indigenous language to those of the foreign language. With time, however, those of form and most of those of orthography and phonology gradually get eliminated. This is because these can easily be identified and corrected. They are easy to correct because they do not involve patterns of muscular movement. It is also necessary to correct them because otherwise they could seriously impair intelligibility.

With phonetic patterns, on the other hand, there is a great deal of intelligibility tolerance because muscular patterns are involved, thus making corrections difficult when observed. Besides, phonetic patterns do not impair intelligibility much. Hence the transference of phonetic habits from one language to another is both easier to tolerate and more difficult to avoid than transference at the lexico-grammatical level. It follows that a speaker who is learning a second dialect does so with an accent since the muscles of his speech organs would have crystallized in response to the phonetics of his native language which he learnt first. The speaker therefore speaks the second dialect with the phonetic features of his native dialect. The learning of a standard language is simply the learning of a second dialect – that which has been standardized.

Members of a language community control at least two dialects and use both dialects in different situations. In the rural areas, the native dialect is used in most situations since there is less movement. Therefore, rural dwellers tend to be parochial and maintain the homogeneity of their dialect. In the urban community, on the other hand, there is more demand for the standard dialect than for the rural one. This is because people from different regions converge here. In order to ensure mutual intelligibility resulting from the pressure of communication, a great deal of demand is made on the standard dialect which now becomes the lingua franca amongst them.

An appropriate title for this passage is

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE I

The emergence of a standard dialect produces the phenomenon known as “accent”, which is quite different from dialect. In the process of learning a foreign language, it is normal to transfer the patterns of an indigenous language to those of the foreign language. With time, however, those of form and most of those of orthography and phonology gradually get eliminated. This is because these can easily be identified and corrected. They are easy to correct because they do not involve patterns of muscular movement. It is also necessary to correct them because otherwise they could seriously impair intelligibility.

With phonetic patterns, on the other hand, there is a great deal of intelligibility tolerance because muscular patterns are involved, thus making corrections difficult when observed. Besides, phonetic patterns do not impair intelligibility much. Hence the transference of phonetic habits from one language to another is both easier to tolerate and more difficult to avoid than transference at the lexico-grammatical level. It follows that a speaker who is learning a second dialect does so with an accent since the muscles of his speech organs would have crystallized in response to the phonetics of his native language which he learnt first. The speaker therefore speaks the second dialect with the phonetic features of his native dialect. The learning of a standard language is simply the learning of a second dialect – that which has been standardized.

Members of a language community control at least two dialects and use both dialects in different situations. In the rural areas, the native dialect is used in most situations since there is less movement. Therefore, rural dwellers tend to be parochial and maintain the homogeneity of their dialect. In the urban community, on the other hand, there is more demand for the standard dialect than for the rural one. This is because people from different regions converge here. In order to ensure mutual intelligibility resulting from the pressure of communication, a great deal of demand is made on the standard dialect which now becomes the lingua franca amongst them.

The word those, as used in the passage, refers to

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE I

The emergence of a standard dialect produces the phenomenon known as “accent”, which is quite different from dialect. In the process of learning a foreign language, it is normal to transfer the patterns of an indigenous language to those of the foreign language. With time, however, those of form and most of those of orthography and phonology gradually get eliminated. This is because these can easily be identified and corrected. They are easy to correct because they do not involve patterns of muscular movement. It is also necessary to correct them because otherwise they could seriously impair intelligibility.

With phonetic patterns, on the other hand, there is a great deal of intelligibility tolerance because muscular patterns are involved, thus making corrections difficult when observed. Besides, phonetic patterns do not impair intelligibility much. Hence the transference of phonetic habits from one language to another is both easier to tolerate and more difficult to avoid than transference at the lexico-grammatical level. It follows that a speaker who is learning a second dialect does so with an accent since the muscles of his speech organs would have crystallized in response to the phonetics of his native language which he learnt first. The speaker therefore speaks the second dialect with the phonetic features of his native dialect. The learning of a standard language is simply the learning of a second dialect – that which has been standardized.

Members of a language community control at least two dialects and use both dialects in different situations. In the rural areas, the native dialect is used in most situations since there is less movement. Therefore, rural dwellers tend to be parochial and maintain the homogeneity of their dialect. In the urban community, on the other hand, there is more demand for the standard dialect than for the rural one. This is because people from different regions converge here. In order to ensure mutual intelligibility resulting from the pressure of communication, a great deal of demand is made on the standard dialect which now becomes the lingua franca amongst them.

Phonetic patterns allow for intelligibility tolerance because

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE II

By 1910, the motorcar was plainly conquering the highway. The private car was now part of every rich man’s establishment, although its prices made it as yet an impossible luxury for most of the middle class. But for the adventuresome youth, there was the motorcycle, a fearsome invention producing accidents and ear-splitting noises. Already, the dignified carriages and smart pony-traps were beginning to disappear from the roads, and coachmen and grooms, unless mechanically minded, were finding it more difficult to make a living.

The roads, which had gone to sleep since the coming of the railway, now awoke to feverish activity. Cars and motorcycles dashed along them at speeds which rivalled those of the express trains, and the lorry began to appear. Therefore, the road system was compelled to adapt itself to a volume and speed of traffic for which it had never been intended. Its complete adaptation was impossible; but the road surface was easily transformed and, during the early years of the century, the dustiness and greasiness of the highways were lessened by tar-spraying. To widen and straighten the roads and get rid of blind corners and every steep gradient were tasks which had scarcely been tackled before 1914. The situation was worst of all in towns where not only was any large scheme of road widening usually out of the question, but also where crowding and danger were all too frequently increased by the short-sighted eagerness of town authorities in laying down tramlines.

Yet it was not only the road system that was in need of readjustment; the nervous system of those who used and dwelt by the roads suffered. The noises caused by the conversion of the roads into speedways called for a corresponding tightening up of the nerves; and, especially in the towns, the pedestrians who wished to preserve life and limb were compelled to keep their attention continually on the stretch, to practise themselves in estimating the speed of approaching vehicles and to run or jump for their lives if they ventured off the pavement.

The writer seems to suggest that

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE II

By 1910, the motorcar was plainly conquering the highway. The private car was now part of every rich man’s establishment, although its prices made it as yet an impossible luxury for most of the middle class. But for the adventuresome youth, there was the motorcycle, a fearsome invention producing accidents and ear-splitting noises. Already, the dignified carriages and smart pony-traps were beginning to disappear from the roads, and coachmen and grooms, unless mechanically minded, were finding it more difficult to make a living.

The roads, which had gone to sleep since the coming of the railway, now awoke to feverish activity. Cars and motorcycles dashed along them at speeds which rivalled those of the express trains, and the lorry began to appear. Therefore, the road system was compelled to adapt itself to a volume and speed of traffic for which it had never been intended. Its complete adaptation was impossible; but the road surface was easily transformed and, during the early years of the century, the dustiness and greasiness of the highways were lessened by tar-spraying. To widen and straighten the roads and get rid of blind corners and every steep gradient were tasks which had scarcely been tackled before 1914. The situation was worst of all in towns where not only was any large scheme of road widening usually out of the question, but also where crowding and danger were all too frequently increased by the short-sighted eagerness of town authorities in laying down tramlines.

Yet it was not only the road system that was in need of readjustment; the nervous system of those who used and dwelt by the roads suffered. The noises caused by the conversion of the roads into speedways called for a corresponding tightening up of the nerves; and, especially in the towns, the pedestrians who wished to preserve life and limb were compelled to keep their attention continually on the stretch, to practise themselves in estimating the speed of approaching vehicles and to run or jump for their lives if they ventured off the pavement.

The writer uses the expression unless mechanically minded to refer to

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE II

By 1910, the motorcar was plainly conquering the highway. The private car was now part of every rich man’s establishment, although its prices made it as yet an impossible luxury for most of the middle class. But for the adventuresome youth, there was the motorcycle, a fearsome invention producing accidents and ear-splitting noises. Already, the dignified carriages and smart pony-traps were beginning to disappear from the roads, and coachmen and grooms, unless mechanically minded, were finding it more difficult to make a living.

The roads, which had gone to sleep since the coming of the railway, now awoke to feverish activity. Cars and motorcycles dashed along them at speeds which rivalled those of the express trains, and the lorry began to appear. Therefore, the road system was compelled to adapt itself to a volume and speed of traffic for which it had never been intended. Its complete adaptation was impossible; but the road surface was easily transformed and, during the early years of the century, the dustiness and greasiness of the highways were lessened by tar-spraying. To widen and straighten the roads and get rid of blind corners and every steep gradient were tasks which had scarcely been tackled before 1914. The situation was worst of all in towns where not only was any large scheme of road widening usually out of the question, but also where crowding and danger were all too frequently increased by the short-sighted eagerness of town authorities in laying down tramlines.

Yet it was not only the road system that was in need of readjustment; the nervous system of those who used and dwelt by the roads suffered. The noises caused by the conversion of the roads into speedways called for a corresponding tightening up of the nerves; and, especially in the towns, the pedestrians who wished to preserve life and limb were compelled to keep their attention continually on the stretch, to practise themselves in estimating the speed of approaching vehicles and to run or jump for their lives if they ventured off the pavement.

The statement By 1910, the motor car was plainly conquering the highway means that

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE II

By 1910, the motorcar was plainly conquering the highway. The private car was now part of every rich man’s establishment, although its prices made it as yet an impossible luxury for most of the middle class. But for the adventuresome youth, there was the motorcycle, a fearsome invention producing accidents and ear-splitting noises. Already, the dignified carriages and smart pony-traps were beginning to disappear from the roads, and coachmen and grooms, unless mechanically minded, were finding it more difficult to make a living.

The roads, which had gone to sleep since the coming of the railway, now awoke to feverish activity. Cars and motorcycles dashed along them at speeds which rivalled those of the express trains, and the lorry began to appear. Therefore, the road system was compelled to adapt itself to a volume and speed of traffic for which it had never been intended. Its complete adaptation was impossible; but the road surface was easily transformed and, during the early years of the century, the dustiness and greasiness of the highways were lessened by tar-spraying. To widen and straighten the roads and get rid of blind corners and every steep gradient were tasks which had scarcely been tackled before 1914. The situation was worst of all in towns where not only was any large scheme of road widening usually out of the question, but also where crowding and danger were all too frequently increased by the short-sighted eagerness of town authorities in laying down tramlines.

Yet it was not only the road system that was in need of readjustment; the nervous system of those who used and dwelt by the roads suffered. The noises caused by the conversion of the roads into speedways called for a corresponding tightening up of the nerves; and, especially in the towns, the pedestrians who wished to preserve life and limb were compelled to keep their attention continually on the stretch, to practise themselves in estimating the speed of approaching vehicles and to run or jump for their lives if they ventured off the pavement.

From the passage, it is obvious that

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE II

By 1910, the motorcar was plainly conquering the highway. The private car was now part of every rich man’s establishment, although its prices made it as yet an impossible luxury for most of the middle class. But for the adventuresome youth, there was the motorcycle, a fearsome invention producing accidents and ear-splitting noises. Already, the dignified carriages and smart pony-traps were beginning to disappear from the roads, and coachmen and grooms, unless mechanically minded, were finding it more difficult to make a living.

The roads, which had gone to sleep since the coming of the railway, now awoke to feverish activity. Cars and motorcycles dashed along them at speeds which rivalled those of the express trains, and the lorry began to appear. Therefore, the road system was compelled to adapt itself to a volume and speed of traffic for which it had never been intended. Its complete adaptation was impossible; but the road surface was easily transformed and, during the early years of the century, the dustiness and greasiness of the highways were lessened by tar-spraying. To widen and straighten the roads and get rid of blind corners and every steep gradient were tasks which had scarcely been tackled before 1914. The situation was worst of all in towns where not only was any large scheme of road widening usually out of the question, but also where crowding and danger were all too frequently increased by the short-sighted eagerness of town authorities in laying down tramlines.

Yet it was not only the road system that was in need of readjustment; the nervous system of those who used and dwelt by the roads suffered. The noises caused by the conversion of the roads into speedways called for a corresponding tightening up of the nerves; and, especially in the towns, the pedestrians who wished to preserve life and limb were compelled to keep their attention continually on the stretch, to practise themselves in estimating the speed of approaching vehicles and to run or jump for their lives if they ventured off the pavement.

One of the following statements can be deducted from the passage

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 11.

Capitalism is an economic system which is founded on the principle of free enterprise and the private ownership of the means of production and distribution. The –11– of capitalism claim that its essential characteristic is economic –12–. The producer is free to produce whatever goods he –13–; but the –14– is equally free to buy what he wants.

There is a market mechanism under this system which brings the producer and consumer together and tends to equate the supplies of the one to the demands of the other, and –15– the whims and caprice of both. It is this same –16– mechanism which determines what prices the consumers pay to the producers, as well as what share of the total –17–, in cash or kind, goes to each of the four recognized –18– of production — land, labour, capital and organization.

It is further claimed for this system that every person is capable of watching his or her own interest, and that whatever injustice is done by the –19– of the market mechanism, this mechanism tends to bring about a state of –20– between the producers and the consumers.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 12.

Capitalism is an economic system which is founded on the principle of free enterprise and the private ownership of the means of production and distribution. The –11– of capitalism claim that its essential characteristic is economic –12–. The producer is free to produce whatever goods he –13–; but the –14– is equally free to buy what he wants.

There is a market mechanism under this system which brings the producer and consumer together and tends to equate the supplies of the one to the demands of the other, and –15– the whims and caprice of both. It is this same –16– mechanism which determines what prices the consumers pay to the producers, as well as what share of the total –17–, in cash or kind, goes to each of the four recognized –18– of production — land, labour, capital and organization.

It is further claimed for this system that every person is capable of watching his or her own interest, and that whatever injustice is done by the –19– of the market mechanism, this mechanism tends to bring about a state of –20– between the producers and the consumers.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 13.

Capitalism is an economic system which is founded on the principle of free enterprise and the private ownership of the means of production and distribution. The –11– of capitalism claim that its essential characteristic is economic –12–. The producer is free to produce whatever goods he –13–; but the –14– is equally free to buy what he wants.

There is a market mechanism under this system which brings the producer and consumer together and tends to equate the supplies of the one to the demands of the other, and –15– the whims and caprice of both. It is this same –16– mechanism which determines what prices the consumers pay to the producers, as well as what share of the total –17–, in cash or kind, goes to each of the four recognized –18– of production — land, labour, capital and organization.

It is further claimed for this system that every person is capable of watching his or her own interest, and that whatever injustice is done by the –19– of the market mechanism, this mechanism tends to bring about a state of –20– between the producers and the consumers.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 14.

Capitalism is an economic system which is founded on the principle of free enterprise and the private ownership of the means of production and distribution. The –11– of capitalism claim that its essential characteristic is economic –12–. The producer is free to produce whatever goods he –13–; but the –14– is equally free to buy what he wants.

There is a market mechanism under this system which brings the producer and consumer together and tends to equate the supplies of the one to the demands of the other, and –15– the whims and caprice of both. It is this same –16– mechanism which determines what prices the consumers pay to the producers, as well as what share of the total –17–, in cash or kind, goes to each of the four recognized –18– of production — land, labour, capital and organization.

It is further claimed for this system that every person is capable of watching his or her own interest, and that whatever injustice is done by the –19– of the market mechanism, this mechanism tends to bring about a state of –20– between the producers and the consumers.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 15.

Capitalism is an economic system which is founded on the principle of free enterprise and the private ownership of the means of production and distribution. The –11– of capitalism claim that its essential characteristic is economic –12–. The producer is free to produce whatever goods he –13–; but the –14– is equally free to buy what he wants.

There is a market mechanism under this system which brings the producer and consumer together and tends to equate the supplies of the one to the demands of the other, and –15– the whims and caprice of both. It is this same –16– mechanism which determines what prices the consumers pay to the producers, as well as what share of the total –17–, in cash or kind, goes to each of the four recognized –18– of production — land, labour, capital and organization.

It is further claimed for this system that every person is capable of watching his or her own interest, and that whatever injustice is done by the –19– of the market mechanism, this mechanism tends to bring about a state of –20– between the producers and the consumers.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 16.

Capitalism is an economic system which is founded on the principle of free enterprise and the private ownership of the means of production and distribution. The –11– of capitalism claim that its essential characteristic is economic –12–. The producer is free to produce whatever goods he –13–; but the –14– is equally free to buy what he wants.

There is a market mechanism under this system which brings the producer and consumer together and tends to equate the supplies of the one to the demands of the other, and –15– the whims and caprice of both. It is this same –16– mechanism which determines what prices the consumers pay to the producers, as well as what share of the total –17–, in cash or kind, goes to each of the four recognized –18– of production — land, labour, capital and organization.

It is further claimed for this system that every person is capable of watching his or her own interest, and that whatever injustice is done by the –19– of the market mechanism, this mechanism tends to bring about a state of –20– between the producers and the consumers.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 17.

Capitalism is an economic system which is founded on the principle of free enterprise and the private ownership of the means of production and distribution. The –11– of capitalism claim that its essential characteristic is economic –12–. The producer is free to produce whatever goods he –13–; but the –14– is equally free to buy what he wants.

There is a market mechanism under this system which brings the producer and consumer together and tends to equate the supplies of the one to the demands of the other, and –15– the whims and caprice of both. It is this same –16– mechanism which determines what prices the consumers pay to the producers, as well as what share of the total –17–, in cash or kind, goes to each of the four recognized –18– of production — land, labour, capital and organization.

It is further claimed for this system that every person is capable of watching his or her own interest, and that whatever injustice is done by the –19– of the market mechanism, this mechanism tends to bring about a state of –20– between the producers and the consumers.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 18.

Capitalism is an economic system which is founded on the principle of free enterprise and the private ownership of the means of production and distribution. The –11– of capitalism claim that its essential characteristic is economic –12–. The producer is free to produce whatever goods he –13–; but the –14– is equally free to buy what he wants.

There is a market mechanism under this system which brings the producer and consumer together and tends to equate the supplies of the one to the demands of the other, and –15– the whims and caprice of both. It is this same –16– mechanism which determines what prices the consumers pay to the producers, as well as what share of the total –17–, in cash or kind, goes to each of the four recognized –18– of production — land, labour, capital and organization.

It is further claimed for this system that every person is capable of watching his or her own interest, and that whatever injustice is done by the –19– of the market mechanism, this mechanism tends to bring about a state of –20– between the producers and the consumers.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 19.

Capitalism is an economic system which is founded on the principle of free enterprise and the private ownership of the means of production and distribution. The –11– of capitalism claim that its essential characteristic is economic –12–. The producer is free to produce whatever goods he –13–; but the –14– is equally free to buy what he wants.

There is a market mechanism under this system which brings the producer and consumer together and tends to equate the supplies of the one to the demands of the other, and –15– the whims and caprice of both. It is this same –16– mechanism which determines what prices the consumers pay to the producers, as well as what share of the total –17–, in cash or kind, goes to each of the four recognized –18– of production — land, labour, capital and organization.

It is further claimed for this system that every person is capable of watching his or her own interest, and that whatever injustice is done by the –19– of the market mechanism, this mechanism tends to bring about a state of –20– between the producers and the consumers.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 20.

Capitalism is an economic system which is founded on the principle of free enterprise and the private ownership of the means of production and distribution. The –11– of capitalism claim that its essential characteristic is economic –12–. The producer is free to produce whatever goods he –13–; but the –14– is equally free to buy what he wants.

There is a market mechanism under this system which brings the producer and consumer together and tends to equate the supplies of the one to the demands of the other, and –15– the whims and caprice of both. It is this same –16– mechanism which determines what prices the consumers pay to the producers, as well as what share of the total –17–, in cash or kind, goes to each of the four recognized –18– of production — land, labour, capital and organization.

It is further claimed for this system that every person is capable of watching his or her own interest, and that whatever injustice is done by the –19– of the market mechanism, this mechanism tends to bring about a state of –20– between the producers and the consumers.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

The horizon may not be clear now, but the troubled spots have certainly been noted.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

The crowd in the hall is intimidating.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

The manager said that the new loaf was the last word in bakery.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

Hundreds of used items will go under the hammer during the weekend.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

The reformists say elections cannot be free and fair unless a number of constitutional changes are effected.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

If he were here it could be more fun.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

Though he is our elected representative, he often takes a rather jaundiced view of our problems.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

When I visited James I only gave him a congratulatory card on account of his promotion.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

The events of last Friday show that there is no love lost between the Principal and the Vice-Principal.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

The politician’s inflammatory remarks were heavily criticized.

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word(s) or phrase in italics.

Amina’s performance in the examination surpassed my expectations.

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word(s) or phrase in italics.

As these boys never act in public, the police are now worried about their covert activities.

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word(s) or phrase in italics.

The town was all agog at his unexpected return.

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word(s) or phrase in italics.

Some equatorial areas have a sultry climate.

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word(s) or phrase in italics.

The journalist’s write-up contained a plethora of detail.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase in italics.

The professor discussed a number of abstruse topics.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase in italics.

Tade became timorous when she was asked to give the valedictory speech.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase in italics.

The men were tardy in offering help.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase in italics.

Ugo has often been described as belligerent.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase in italics.

The coalescence of the groups created additional problems.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

I was ____ hearing distance of the speaker.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

Peter was such a skilful boxer that he was not afraid to take ____ anybody.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

Owing to the constant harassment of the populace by armed robbers, all night guards have been instructed to shoot ____ every moving thing.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

My wife and I were to celebrate our silver wedding anniversary last Sunday. Unfortunately on that ____ day, my father-in-law died mysteriously.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

The first graduation ceremony of the university was attended by men from all ____ of life.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

____ guests enjoyed Joy’s birthday party.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

One would wish ____ missed that opportunity to be present at the graduation hall.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

The ceremony was rounded ____ very late.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

My ____ brother intends to get married in December.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

The ____ Affairs Officer is expecting all of us in the dining room.

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined. 

mother

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined. 

buoy

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined. 

waist

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined. 

thunder

Choose the option that has a different consonant sound from the others.

Choose the option that has a different consonant sound from the others.

The word in capital letters has the emphatic stress. Choose the option that best fits the expression in the sentence.

The university has been TEMPORARILY closed.

The word in capital letters has the emphatic stress. Choose the option that best fits the expression in the sentence.

The king RAN to the palace

Choose the option that has a different stress pattern from the others.

Choose the option that has a different stress pattern from the others.