2018 JAMB Use of English Past Questions CBT

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE I

Time was when boys used to point toy guns and say, ‘Bang!’ Now they aim real guns and shoot one another. Nearly 4,200 teenagers were killed by firearms in 1990. Only motor vehicle accidents kill more teenagers than firearms, and the firearms figures are rising. The chance that a black male between the ages of 15 and 19 will be killed by a gun has almost tripled since 1985 and almost doubled for white males, according to the National Center for Health Statistics.

Who could disagree with Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala when she pronounced these statistics ‘frightening and intolerable’? In the shameful light of this ‘waste of young lives’, in Ms Shalala’s words, an often-asked question seems urgently due to be raised again: Would less violence on television — the surrounding environment for most children and young adults — make violence in actual life less normal, less accepted, less horrifying?

It may be difficult to prove an exact correlation between the viewer of fantasized violence and the criminal who acts out violence after turning off the set. But if the premise of education is granted — that good models can influence the young — then it follows that bad models can have an equivalent harmful effect. This is the reasonable hypothesis held by 80 per cent of the respondents to a recent Times Mirror poll who think that violent entertainment is ‘harmful’ to society.

Witness enough mimed shootouts, see enough ‘corpses’ fall across the screen, and the taking of a human life seems no big deal. Even if a simple causal relationship cannot be established between watching violence and acting it out, is not this numbed sensitivity reason enough for cutting back on the overkill in films and TV?

The writer uses ‘numbed sensitivity’ to refer to

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE I

Time was when boys used to point toy guns and say, ‘Bang!’ Now they aim real guns and shoot one another. Nearly 4,200 teenagers were killed by firearms in 1990. Only motor vehicle accidents kill more teenagers than firearms, and the firearms figures are rising. The chance that a black male between the ages of 15 and 19 will be killed by a gun has almost tripled since 1985 and almost doubled for white males, according to the National Center for Health Statistics.

Who could disagree with Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala when she pronounced these statistics ‘frightening and intolerable’? In the shameful light of this ‘waste of young lives’, in Ms Shalala’s words, an often-asked question seems urgently due to be raised again: Would less violence on television — the surrounding environment for most children and young adults — make violence in actual life less normal, less accepted, less horrifying?

It may be difficult to prove an exact correlation between the viewer of fantasized violence and the criminal who acts out violence after turning off the set. But if the premise of education is granted — that good models can influence the young — then it follows that bad models can have an equivalent harmful effect. This is the reasonable hypothesis held by 80 per cent of the respondents to a recent Times Mirror poll who think that violent entertainment is ‘harmful’ to society.

Witness enough mimed shootouts, see enough ‘corpses’ fall across the screen, and the taking of a human life seems no big deal. Even if a simple causal relationship cannot be established between watching violence and acting it out, is not this numbed sensitivity reason enough for cutting back on the overkill in films and TV?

What will actually be proved ‘if the premise of education is granted’?

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE I

Time was when boys used to point toy guns and say, ‘Bang!’ Now they aim real guns and shoot one another. Nearly 4,200 teenagers were killed by firearms in 1990. Only motor vehicle accidents kill more teenagers than firearms, and the firearms figures are rising. The chance that a black male between the ages of 15 and 19 will be killed by a gun has almost tripled since 1985 and almost doubled for white males, according to the National Center for Health Statistics.

Who could disagree with Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala when she pronounced these statistics ‘frightening and intolerable’? In the shameful light of this ‘waste of young lives’, in Ms Shalala’s words, an often-asked question seems urgently due to be raised again: Would less violence on television — the surrounding environment for most children and young adults — make violence in actual life less normal, less accepted, less horrifying?

It may be difficult to prove an exact correlation between the viewer of fantasized violence and the criminal who acts out violence after turning off the set. But if the premise of education is granted — that good models can influence the young — then it follows that bad models can have an equivalent harmful effect. This is the reasonable hypothesis held by 80 per cent of the respondents to a recent Times Mirror poll who think that violent entertainment is ‘harmful’ to society.

Witness enough mimed shootouts, see enough ‘corpses’ fall across the screen, and the taking of a human life seems no big deal. Even if a simple causal relationship cannot be established between watching violence and acting it out, is not this numbed sensitivity reason enough for cutting back on the overkill in films and TV?

From the passage, it can be inferred that since 1985

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE I

Time was when boys used to point toy guns and say, ‘Bang!’ Now they aim real guns and shoot one another. Nearly 4,200 teenagers were killed by firearms in 1990. Only motor vehicle accidents kill more teenagers than firearms, and the firearms figures are rising. The chance that a black male between the ages of 15 and 19 will be killed by a gun has almost tripled since 1985 and almost doubled for white males, according to the National Center for Health Statistics.

Who could disagree with Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala when she pronounced these statistics ‘frightening and intolerable’? In the shameful light of this ‘waste of young lives’, in Ms Shalala’s words, an often-asked question seems urgently due to be raised again: Would less violence on television — the surrounding environment for most children and young adults — make violence in actual life less normal, less accepted, less horrifying?

It may be difficult to prove an exact correlation between the viewer of fantasized violence and the criminal who acts out violence after turning off the set. But if the premise of education is granted — that good models can influence the young — then it follows that bad models can have an equivalent harmful effect. This is the reasonable hypothesis held by 80 per cent of the respondents to a recent Times Mirror poll who think that violent entertainment is ‘harmful’ to society.

Witness enough mimed shootouts, see enough ‘corpses’ fall across the screen, and the taking of a human life seems no big deal. Even if a simple causal relationship cannot be established between watching violence and acting it out, is not this numbed sensitivity reason enough for cutting back on the overkill in films and TV?

The writer says ‘the firearms figures are rising’ because

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE I

Time was when boys used to point toy guns and say, ‘Bang!’ Now they aim real guns and shoot one another. Nearly 4,200 teenagers were killed by firearms in 1990. Only motor vehicle accidents kill more teenagers than firearms, and the firearms figures are rising. The chance that a black male between the ages of 15 and 19 will be killed by a gun has almost tripled since 1985 and almost doubled for white males, according to the National Center for Health Statistics.

Who could disagree with Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala when she pronounced these statistics ‘frightening and intolerable’? In the shameful light of this ‘waste of young lives’, in Ms Shalala’s words, an often-asked question seems urgently due to be raised again: Would less violence on television — the surrounding environment for most children and young adults — make violence in actual life less normal, less accepted, less horrifying?

It may be difficult to prove an exact correlation between the viewer of fantasized violence and the criminal who acts out violence after turning off the set. But if the premise of education is granted — that good models can influence the young — then it follows that bad models can have an equivalent harmful effect. This is the reasonable hypothesis held by 80 per cent of the respondents to a recent Times Mirror poll who think that violent entertainment is ‘harmful’ to society.

Witness enough mimed shootouts, see enough ‘corpses’ fall across the screen, and the taking of a human life seems no big deal. Even if a simple causal relationship cannot be established between watching violence and acting it out, is not this numbed sensitivity reason enough for cutting back on the overkill in films and TV?

In Secretary Donna Shalala’s view, the situation depicted by the statistics is

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE II

It is possible to have a glimpse of life after death.
Man has always believed in an afterlife, but only today do we have scientific reports of people who seem to have experienced the sensation of dying but lived to tell about it.

Ongoing research is documenting hundreds of cases each year of the near-death experience (NDE), and scientists think they are finding a clearly identifiable pattern: usually a man is dying and, as he reaches the point of greatest physical distress, he hears himself pronounced dead by his doctor. He begins to hear an uncomfortable noise, a loud ringing or buzzing, and at the same time feels himself moving very rapidly through a long dark tunnel. After this, he suddenly finds himself outside his own physical body, but still in the immediate physical environment, and he sees his own body from a distance, as though he is a spectator. He watches the resuscitation attempt from this unusual vantage point and is in a state of emotional upheaval.

After a while, he collects himself and becomes accustomed to his odd condition. He notices that he still has a ‘body’, but one of a very different nature and with very different powers from the physical body he has left behind. Soon after, things begin to happen. Others come to meet and to help him. He glimpses the spirits of relatives and friends who have already died, and a loving, warm spirit of a kind he has never encountered before — a being of light — appears before him. This being asks him a question, nonverbally — to make him evaluate his life — and helps him along by showing him a panoramic instantaneous playback of the major events of his life. Then he finds that he must go back to the earth, that the time for his death has not yet come. At this point he resists, for by now he is taken up with his experiences in the afterlife and does not want to return. He is overwhelmed by intense feelings of joy, love and peace. Despite his attitude, though, he somehow reunites with his physical body and lives.

The NDE man appears to be a spectator in the flurry of activities around him because

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE II

It is possible to have a glimpse of life after death.
Man has always believed in an afterlife, but only today do we have scientific reports of people who seem to have experienced the sensation of dying but lived to tell about it.

Ongoing research is documenting hundreds of cases each year of the near-death experience (NDE), and scientists think they are finding a clearly identifiable pattern: usually a man is dying and, as he reaches the point of greatest physical distress, he hears himself pronounced dead by his doctor. He begins to hear an uncomfortable noise, a loud ringing or buzzing, and at the same time feels himself moving very rapidly through a long dark tunnel. After this, he suddenly finds himself outside his own physical body, but still in the immediate physical environment, and he sees his own body from a distance, as though he is a spectator. He watches the resuscitation attempt from this unusual vantage point and is in a state of emotional upheaval.

After a while, he collects himself and becomes accustomed to his odd condition. He notices that he still has a ‘body’, but one of a very different nature and with very different powers from the physical body he has left behind. Soon after, things begin to happen. Others come to meet and to help him. He glimpses the spirits of relatives and friends who have already died, and a loving, warm spirit of a kind he has never encountered before — a being of light — appears before him. This being asks him a question, nonverbally — to make him evaluate his life — and helps him along by showing him a panoramic instantaneous playback of the major events of his life. Then he finds that he must go back to the earth, that the time for his death has not yet come. At this point he resists, for by now he is taken up with his experiences in the afterlife and does not want to return. He is overwhelmed by intense feelings of joy, love and peace. Despite his attitude, though, he somehow reunites with his physical body and lives.

According to the passage, scientific evidence has made it possible

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE II

It is possible to have a glimpse of life after death.
Man has always believed in an afterlife, but only today do we have scientific reports of people who seem to have experienced the sensation of dying but lived to tell about it.

Ongoing research is documenting hundreds of cases each year of the near-death experience (NDE), and scientists think they are finding a clearly identifiable pattern: usually a man is dying and, as he reaches the point of greatest physical distress, he hears himself pronounced dead by his doctor. He begins to hear an uncomfortable noise, a loud ringing or buzzing, and at the same time feels himself moving very rapidly through a long dark tunnel. After this, he suddenly finds himself outside his own physical body, but still in the immediate physical environment, and he sees his own body from a distance, as though he is a spectator. He watches the resuscitation attempt from this unusual vantage point and is in a state of emotional upheaval.

After a while, he collects himself and becomes accustomed to his odd condition. He notices that he still has a ‘body’, but one of a very different nature and with very different powers from the physical body he has left behind. Soon after, things begin to happen. Others come to meet and to help him. He glimpses the spirits of relatives and friends who have already died, and a loving, warm spirit of a kind he has never encountered before — a being of light — appears before him. This being asks him a question, nonverbally — to make him evaluate his life — and helps him along by showing him a panoramic instantaneous playback of the major events of his life. Then he finds that he must go back to the earth, that the time for his death has not yet come. At this point he resists, for by now he is taken up with his experiences in the afterlife and does not want to return. He is overwhelmed by intense feelings of joy, love and peace. Despite his attitude, though, he somehow reunites with his physical body and lives.

The expression ‘as he reaches the point of greatest physical distress’ means when

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE II

It is possible to have a glimpse of life after death.
Man has always believed in an afterlife, but only today do we have scientific reports of people who seem to have experienced the sensation of dying but lived to tell about it.

Ongoing research is documenting hundreds of cases each year of the near-death experience (NDE), and scientists think they are finding a clearly identifiable pattern: usually a man is dying and, as he reaches the point of greatest physical distress, he hears himself pronounced dead by his doctor. He begins to hear an uncomfortable noise, a loud ringing or buzzing, and at the same time feels himself moving very rapidly through a long dark tunnel. After this, he suddenly finds himself outside his own physical body, but still in the immediate physical environment, and he sees his own body from a distance, as though he is a spectator. He watches the resuscitation attempt from this unusual vantage point and is in a state of emotional upheaval.

After a while, he collects himself and becomes accustomed to his odd condition. He notices that he still has a ‘body’, but one of a very different nature and with very different powers from the physical body he has left behind. Soon after, things begin to happen. Others come to meet and to help him. He glimpses the spirits of relatives and friends who have already died, and a loving, warm spirit of a kind he has never encountered before — a being of light — appears before him. This being asks him a question, nonverbally — to make him evaluate his life — and helps him along by showing him a panoramic instantaneous playback of the major events of his life. Then he finds that he must go back to the earth, that the time for his death has not yet come. At this point he resists, for by now he is taken up with his experiences in the afterlife and does not want to return. He is overwhelmed by intense feelings of joy, love and peace. Despite his attitude, though, he somehow reunites with his physical body and lives.

A suitable title for the passage is

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

PASSAGE II

It is possible to have a glimpse of life after death.
Man has always believed in an afterlife, but only today do we have scientific reports of people who seem to have experienced the sensation of dying but lived to tell about it.

Ongoing research is documenting hundreds of cases each year of the near-death experience (NDE), and scientists think they are finding a clearly identifiable pattern: usually a man is dying and, as he reaches the point of greatest physical distress, he hears himself pronounced dead by his doctor. He begins to hear an uncomfortable noise, a loud ringing or buzzing, and at the same time feels himself moving very rapidly through a long dark tunnel. After this, he suddenly finds himself outside his own physical body, but still in the immediate physical environment, and he sees his own body from a distance, as though he is a spectator. He watches the resuscitation attempt from this unusual vantage point and is in a state of emotional upheaval.

After a while, he collects himself and becomes accustomed to his odd condition. He notices that he still has a ‘body’, but one of a very different nature and with very different powers from the physical body he has left behind. Soon after, things begin to happen. Others come to meet and to help him. He glimpses the spirits of relatives and friends who have already died, and a loving, warm spirit of a kind he has never encountered before — a being of light — appears before him. This being asks him a question, nonverbally — to make him evaluate his life — and helps him along by showing him a panoramic instantaneous playback of the major events of his life. Then he finds that he must go back to the earth, that the time for his death has not yet come. At this point he resists, for by now he is taken up with his experiences in the afterlife and does not want to return. He is overwhelmed by intense feelings of joy, love and peace. Despite his attitude, though, he somehow reunites with his physical body and lives.

That the man was shown a panoramic instantaneous playback of the major events of his life suggests that

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 11.

Did you ever pause to think that eating and mating may be –11– to the extent of becoming targets for a planned international political strategy? If, by an accident of geography, you happen to live in a region of Africa, Asia or Latin America that is one of the –12– of foreign ‘aid’, then pay –13– to an insight provided by Josué de Castro, a Brazilian sociologist and a former president of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

The United States imposes birth control, not to help the poor countries — no one believes any more in its ‘disinterested’ aid programme — but because that is its strategic defence –14–. We must –15– that the pill is North America’s best guarantee of continuing the domination of the Third World. If ever the Third World achieves normal development, Washington’s ‘Roman Empire’ will –16–.

These views were –17– about a decade later, when R. T. Ravenholt of the United States Office of Population stated that the United States was seeking to provide the means by which one quarter of the world’s fertile women can be –18–.

These two statements are indicative of the –19– of interests of multinational pharmaceutical corporations, defence strategists and food politicians. Whether or not population planning is a –20– of the ruling elite for finding a scapegoat for its ineptitude is debatable. However, it is evident that there exists an inextricable link between food aid and population planning policies.

Fill the gap with the most appropriate option.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 12.

Did you ever pause to think that eating and mating may be –11– to the extent of becoming targets for a planned international political strategy? If, by an accident of geography, you happen to live in a region of Africa, Asia or Latin America that is one of the –12– of foreign ‘aid’, then pay –13– to an insight provided by Josué de Castro, a Brazilian sociologist and a former president of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

The United States imposes birth control, not to help the poor countries — no one believes any more in its ‘disinterested’ aid programme — but because that is its strategic defence –14–. We must –15– that the pill is North America’s best guarantee of continuing the domination of the Third World. If ever the Third World achieves normal development, Washington’s ‘Roman Empire’ will –16–.

These views were –17– about a decade later, when R. T. Ravenholt of the United States Office of Population stated that the United States was seeking to provide the means by which one quarter of the world’s fertile women can be –18–.

These two statements are indicative of the –19– of interests of multinational pharmaceutical corporations, defence strategists and food politicians. Whether or not population planning is a –20– of the ruling elite for finding a scapegoat for its ineptitude is debatable. However, it is evident that there exists an inextricable link between food aid and population planning policies.

Fill the gap with the most appropriate option.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 13.

Did you ever pause to think that eating and mating may be –11– to the extent of becoming targets for a planned international political strategy? If, by an accident of geography, you happen to live in a region of Africa, Asia or Latin America that is one of the –12– of foreign ‘aid’, then pay –13– to an insight provided by Josué de Castro, a Brazilian sociologist and a former president of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

The United States imposes birth control, not to help the poor countries — no one believes any more in its ‘disinterested’ aid programme — but because that is its strategic defence –14–. We must –15– that the pill is North America’s best guarantee of continuing the domination of the Third World. If ever the Third World achieves normal development, Washington’s ‘Roman Empire’ will –16–.

These views were –17– about a decade later, when R. T. Ravenholt of the United States Office of Population stated that the United States was seeking to provide the means by which one quarter of the world’s fertile women can be –18–.

These two statements are indicative of the –19– of interests of multinational pharmaceutical corporations, defence strategists and food politicians. Whether or not population planning is a –20– of the ruling elite for finding a scapegoat for its ineptitude is debatable. However, it is evident that there exists an inextricable link between food aid and population planning policies.

Fill the gap with the most appropriate option.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 14.

Did you ever pause to think that eating and mating may be –11– to the extent of becoming targets for a planned international political strategy? If, by an accident of geography, you happen to live in a region of Africa, Asia or Latin America that is one of the –12– of foreign ‘aid’, then pay –13– to an insight provided by Josué de Castro, a Brazilian sociologist and a former president of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

The United States imposes birth control, not to help the poor countries — no one believes any more in its ‘disinterested’ aid programme — but because that is its strategic defence –14–. We must –15– that the pill is North America’s best guarantee of continuing the domination of the Third World. If ever the Third World achieves normal development, Washington’s ‘Roman Empire’ will –16–.

These views were –17– about a decade later, when R. T. Ravenholt of the United States Office of Population stated that the United States was seeking to provide the means by which one quarter of the world’s fertile women can be –18–.

These two statements are indicative of the –19– of interests of multinational pharmaceutical corporations, defence strategists and food politicians. Whether or not population planning is a –20– of the ruling elite for finding a scapegoat for its ineptitude is debatable. However, it is evident that there exists an inextricable link between food aid and population planning policies.

Fill the gap with the most appropriate option.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 15.

Did you ever pause to think that eating and mating may be –11– to the extent of becoming targets for a planned international political strategy? If, by an accident of geography, you happen to live in a region of Africa, Asia or Latin America that is one of the –12– of foreign ‘aid’, then pay –13– to an insight provided by Josué de Castro, a Brazilian sociologist and a former president of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

The United States imposes birth control, not to help the poor countries — no one believes any more in its ‘disinterested’ aid programme — but because that is its strategic defence –14–. We must –15– that the pill is North America’s best guarantee of continuing the domination of the Third World. If ever the Third World achieves normal development, Washington’s ‘Roman Empire’ will –16–.

These views were –17– about a decade later, when R. T. Ravenholt of the United States Office of Population stated that the United States was seeking to provide the means by which one quarter of the world’s fertile women can be –18–.

These two statements are indicative of the –19– of interests of multinational pharmaceutical corporations, defence strategists and food politicians. Whether or not population planning is a –20– of the ruling elite for finding a scapegoat for its ineptitude is debatable. However, it is evident that there exists an inextricable link between food aid and population planning policies.

Fill the gap with the most appropriate option.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 16.

Did you ever pause to think that eating and mating may be –11– to the extent of becoming targets for a planned international political strategy? If, by an accident of geography, you happen to live in a region of Africa, Asia or Latin America that is one of the –12– of foreign ‘aid’, then pay –13– to an insight provided by Josué de Castro, a Brazilian sociologist and a former president of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

The United States imposes birth control, not to help the poor countries — no one believes any more in its ‘disinterested’ aid programme — but because that is its strategic defence –14–. We must –15– that the pill is North America’s best guarantee of continuing the domination of the Third World. If ever the Third World achieves normal development, Washington’s ‘Roman Empire’ will –16–.

These views were –17– about a decade later, when R. T. Ravenholt of the United States Office of Population stated that the United States was seeking to provide the means by which one quarter of the world’s fertile women can be –18–.

These two statements are indicative of the –19– of interests of multinational pharmaceutical corporations, defence strategists and food politicians. Whether or not population planning is a –20– of the ruling elite for finding a scapegoat for its ineptitude is debatable. However, it is evident that there exists an inextricable link between food aid and population planning policies.

Fill the gap with the most appropriate option.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 17.

Did you ever pause to think that eating and mating may be –11– to the extent of becoming targets for a planned international political strategy? If, by an accident of geography, you happen to live in a region of Africa, Asia or Latin America that is one of the –12– of foreign ‘aid’, then pay –13– to an insight provided by Josué de Castro, a Brazilian sociologist and a former president of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

The United States imposes birth control, not to help the poor countries — no one believes any more in its ‘disinterested’ aid programme — but because that is its strategic defence –14–. We must –15– that the pill is North America’s best guarantee of continuing the domination of the Third World. If ever the Third World achieves normal development, Washington’s ‘Roman Empire’ will –16–.

These views were –17– about a decade later, when R. T. Ravenholt of the United States Office of Population stated that the United States was seeking to provide the means by which one quarter of the world’s fertile women can be –18–.

These two statements are indicative of the –19– of interests of multinational pharmaceutical corporations, defence strategists and food politicians. Whether or not population planning is a –20– of the ruling elite for finding a scapegoat for its ineptitude is debatable. However, it is evident that there exists an inextricable link between food aid and population planning policies.

Fill the gap with the most appropriate option.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 18.

Did you ever pause to think that eating and mating may be –11– to the extent of becoming targets for a planned international political strategy? If, by an accident of geography, you happen to live in a region of Africa, Asia or Latin America that is one of the –12– of foreign ‘aid’, then pay –13– to an insight provided by Josué de Castro, a Brazilian sociologist and a former president of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

The United States imposes birth control, not to help the poor countries — no one believes any more in its ‘disinterested’ aid programme — but because that is its strategic defence –14–. We must –15– that the pill is North America’s best guarantee of continuing the domination of the Third World. If ever the Third World achieves normal development, Washington’s ‘Roman Empire’ will –16–.

These views were –17– about a decade later, when R. T. Ravenholt of the United States Office of Population stated that the United States was seeking to provide the means by which one quarter of the world’s fertile women can be –18–.

These two statements are indicative of the –19– of interests of multinational pharmaceutical corporations, defence strategists and food politicians. Whether or not population planning is a –20– of the ruling elite for finding a scapegoat for its ineptitude is debatable. However, it is evident that there exists an inextricable link between food aid and population planning policies.

Fill the gap with the most appropriate option.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 19.

Did you ever pause to think that eating and mating may be –11– to the extent of becoming targets for a planned international political strategy? If, by an accident of geography, you happen to live in a region of Africa, Asia or Latin America that is one of the –12– of foreign ‘aid’, then pay –13– to an insight provided by Josué de Castro, a Brazilian sociologist and a former president of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

The United States imposes birth control, not to help the poor countries — no one believes any more in its ‘disinterested’ aid programme — but because that is its strategic defence –14–. We must –15– that the pill is North America’s best guarantee of continuing the domination of the Third World. If ever the Third World achieves normal development, Washington’s ‘Roman Empire’ will –16–.

These views were –17– about a decade later, when R. T. Ravenholt of the United States Office of Population stated that the United States was seeking to provide the means by which one quarter of the world’s fertile women can be –18–.

These two statements are indicative of the –19– of interests of multinational pharmaceutical corporations, defence strategists and food politicians. Whether or not population planning is a –20– of the ruling elite for finding a scapegoat for its ineptitude is debatable. However, it is evident that there exists an inextricable link between food aid and population planning policies.

Fill the gap with the most appropriate option.

The passage below has gaps numbered 11 to 20. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate word(s) to fill gap 20.

Did you ever pause to think that eating and mating may be –11– to the extent of becoming targets for a planned international political strategy? If, by an accident of geography, you happen to live in a region of Africa, Asia or Latin America that is one of the –12– of foreign ‘aid’, then pay –13– to an insight provided by Josué de Castro, a Brazilian sociologist and a former president of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

The United States imposes birth control, not to help the poor countries — no one believes any more in its ‘disinterested’ aid programme — but because that is its strategic defence –14–. We must –15– that the pill is North America’s best guarantee of continuing the domination of the Third World. If ever the Third World achieves normal development, Washington’s ‘Roman Empire’ will –16–.

These views were –17– about a decade later, when R. T. Ravenholt of the United States Office of Population stated that the United States was seeking to provide the means by which one quarter of the world’s fertile women can be –18–.

These two statements are indicative of the –19– of interests of multinational pharmaceutical corporations, defence strategists and food politicians. Whether or not population planning is a –20– of the ruling elite for finding a scapegoat for its ineptitude is debatable. However, it is evident that there exists an inextricable link between food aid and population planning policies.

Fill the gap with the most appropriate option.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

His jail terms were to run concurrently.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

The conference is biennial.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

Only two ministers survived the recent cabinet reshuffle.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

He was building a castle in the air.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

The stadium had a capacity crowd in spite of the weather.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

My father is one of the vociferous few challenging the company’s appointment of the manager.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

Ado and Abu are always together these days. They must be up to something.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

He wants the meeting to be adjourned.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

The officer has discussed the vexed issue of incessant power failure.

In the question below, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

The politician’s inflammatory remarks were heavily criticised.

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word(s) or phrase in italics.

The decision we have taken is irrevocable.

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The lawyer pointed out a discrepancy in the two stories.

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word(s) or phrase in italics.

Their high level of dishonesty has made that department infamous in the entire secretariat.

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word(s) or phrase in italics.

When Uche wouldn’t come to quickly enough, the principal rushed him to the hospital.

Choose the most appropriate option opposite in meaning to the word(s) or phrase in italics.

The governor’s action is out of tune with the declarations of his party.

Choose the option which has the nearest meaning to the underlined word or words in the sentence.

Mary is jealous of her sister’s success.

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His wife for ten years refused point-blank to leave her matrimonial home.

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The boss told the man to let sleeping dogs lie.

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The flock suddenly became restive after mid-day.

Choose the option which has the nearest meaning to the underlined word or words in the sentence.

For a priest to be successful, he should from time to time review his actions.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

After the initial confusion, the manager’s suggestion brought ____ to the depressed investors.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

The farmer has brought the insecticide because he was bent on ____ the insects in his farm.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

The young lady decided to ____.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

Two ministers found it very difficult to get ____ in the cabinet.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

The school board has placed an order for ____ required in the new schools.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

On his way back, the boy ran into a long procession of men, women and children in ____.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

The proprietors should be blamed for such a deplorable condition in the nursery schools, ____?

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

I could not believe that our team ____ the match after being in the lead for most of the game.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

The head of department is away to Murtala Muhammed Airport and has asked Dr. Haruna to stand ____ for him.

In the following question, choose the option that best completes the sentence.

The commission was set up to enquire ____ the general conditions of child abuse in such institutions.

In this question, choose the option that rhymes with the given words.

say

In this question, choose the option that rhymes with the given words.

breeze

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the the underlined letter(s).

blue

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the the underlined letter(s).

shirt

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

king

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

marks

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

archbishop

Choose the option that has the same stress pattern as the given word.

typist

Choose the option that has the same stress pattern as the given word.

honour

Identify the word that has the stress on the first syllable.