Division Spermatophyte

Characteristics of Spermatophyte:

1. They are multi-cellular, seed-producing plants including most trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants.

2. They are vascular plants and have well-developed vascular tissues.

3. They have true roots, leaves and stems.

4. They reproduce sexually and do not need water for reproduction.

5. They are mainly terrestrial green plants.

6. The seed plants are divided into gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Classification of Spermatophyte:

Spermatophytes can be divided into two main classes. These are

i. Gymnosperm
ii. Angiosperm

Class Gymnospermae (Non-flowering Plants):

1. Gymnosperms have a well-differentiated plant body and vascular tissues.

2. They are seed-bearing plants that do not produce flowers.

3. They have true roots, stems and leaves.

4. The seeds grow exposed on a cone,