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SS1: BIOLOGY - 2ND TERM

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  1. Cellular Respiration | Week 1
    5 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  2. Excretion & Growth in Living Cells | Week 2
    4 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  3. Irritability | Week 3
    6 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  4. Reproduction of Organisms | Week 4
    5 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  5. Tissues and Supporting Systems | Week 5
    6 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  6. Animal Nutrition | Week 6
    6 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  7. Enzymes | Week 7
    1 Topic
    |
    1 Quiz
  8. Heterotrophic Nutrition | Week 8
    3 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  9. The Mammalian Dentition | Week 9
    3 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  10. Basic Ecological Concepts | Week 10
    3 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  11. Local Biotic Communities | Week 11
    4 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  12. Major Biomes of the World | Week 12
    5 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz



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1. Define the term respiration.

b. In a tabular form, state the differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.

c  Outline the process of glycolysis and citric acid cycle.

d. State the industrial application of fermentation

2. State the differences between photosynthesis and respiration

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Evaluation Questions

1. Define the term respiration.

Answer:  Respiration is the breakdown of glucose in the cells to release energy.

 

b. In a tabular form, state the differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.

Answer:

  Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration
i. Oxygen is used to breakdown glucose Oxygen is not used in the breakdown of glucose
ii. A large amount of Energy (38ATP) is released. A small amount of energy (2ATP molecules) is released.
iii. There is a complete breakdown of glucose to release CO2 water and energy. There is an incomplete breakdown of glucose to release CO2 and ethanol and energy.

 

c  Outline the process of Glycolysis and Citric acid cycle.

Answer:

i) Glycolysis: is a pathway involved in the breakdown of glucose to produce energy. It is an enzymatic reaction and does not involve oxygen in the breakdown. It takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. It is the process by which one molecule of the 6- carbon glucose is broken down into two molecules of the 3-carbon pyruvic acid by enzymes in the cytoplasm of the cell. In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid in animals and alcohol in plants.

The process releases water and only2 ATP molecules as the energy compound.

ii. Krebs Cycle: The second pathway in the breakdown of glucose: It takes place in the mitochondria of the cell in the presence of oxygen. The 3-carbon sugar pyruvic acid combines with COA to form Acetyl coenzyme A which combines with a 4-carbon sugar to form citric acid. The citric acid undergoes a series of reactions which releases CO2 and energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH2. It leads to a complete breakdown of molecules of glucose to form CO2, energy, and water.

 

d. State the industrial application of fermentation

Answer:

  • Fermentation is used in bakeries to produce carbon dioxide which helps to make the dough rise as it escapes.
  • It is used in breweries to produce alcohol as yeast anaerobically breaks down glucose to produce alcohol.

 

2. State the differences between photosynthesis and respiration

Answer:

Photosynthesis Respiration

It is an anabolic process
that builds up glucose.

It is a catabolic process
that breaks down glucose.
Oxygen is released. Oxygen is used up.
Uses up energy. Releases energy.

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