Topic Content:
- Meaning of ElectrovalentAn electrovalent or ionic bond is formed when a metal atom transfers one or more electrons to a non-metal atom. Ionic or electrovalent compounds are those compounds which are formed by... More Bonding
- Formation of Sodium Chloride (Na+Cl–)
- Structure of Sodium Chloride
- Formation of Magnesium Oxide (Mg2+O2-)
- Formation of Calcium Fluoride (Ca2+2F–)
- Characteristic Properties of Electrovalent (Ionic) Compounds
The main principle of this type of bonding is donor/acceptor principle.
Electrovalent bonding is the complete transfer of electrons from the outermost shell of a metal to the outer-most shell of a non-metal.
The metals donate electrons while non-metals accept electrons. After combination, both the metal and non-metal will form a stable structure i.e. attain the octet or duplet structure of rare gases.
The metals are positively charged, while the non-metals are negatively charged.
Example:
Formation of Sodium chloride (Na+Cl–):
Equation for the Reaction:
\( \scriptsize Na \: \rightarrow \: Na^+ \:- \: e^- \) ………….(i)
\( \scriptsize Cl \: \rightarrow \: Cl^- \: + \: e^- \) ………….(ii)
Add equation (i) and (ii) together
The e– cancel out
\( \scriptsize Na \: + Cl \: \rightarrow \; Na^+ Cl^- \)
Diagrammatic Representation:
Structure of Sodium Chloride:
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