Topic Content:
- Law of Multiple Proportions
- Verification of the Law
The law states that if two elements A and B combine together to form more than one compound, the various masses of B which combine with a fixed mass of A are in a simple whole-number ratio. e.g. 1:2, 2:1, 1:3, 3:2, etc.
Verification of the Law:
Weigh two clean metal boats, weigh them again containing pure copper (I) oxide (Cu2O) and copper (II) oxide (CuO) respectively. Reduce the oxide to copper by using hydrogen gas as described in the experiment on the Law of Definite Proportion.
The mass of copper which combined with a fixed mass of oxygen is found in both samples. The masses are in a simple ratio.
i. \( \scriptsize Cu_2O_{(s)} \: + \: H_{2(g)} \: \rightarrow \: 2Cu_{(s)} \: + \: H_2O_{(g)} \)
ii. \( \scriptsize CuO_{(s)} \: + \: H_{2(g)} \: \rightarrow \: Cu_{(s)} \: + \: H_2O_{(g)} \)
Sample | Sample I | Sample II |
Cu2O | CuO | |
Mass of oxide | 3.04 g | 1.91 g |
Mass of Cu residue | 2.55 g | 1.38 g |
Mass of oxygen removed from the oxide | 0.49 g | 0.53 g |
In order to show that these figures conform to the law of multiple proportions, use 1 g or 100 g as a fixed mass.
In sample I:
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