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Basicity of an acid is the number of replaceable hydrogen ions (H+) in one molecule of the acid.
Basicity of some Common Acids:
| Acid | Basicity |
| HCl \(\scriptsize \leftrightharpoons \) H+ + Cl– | 1 or monobasic |
| H2SO4 \(\scriptsize \leftrightharpoons \) 2H+ + SO42- | 2 or dibasic |
| H3PO4 \(\scriptsize \leftrightharpoons \) 3H+ + PO43- | 3 or tribasic |
| CH3COOH \(\scriptsize \leftrightharpoons \) H+ + CH3COO– | 1 or monobasic |
In organic acids like Ethanoic (CH3COOH), it is only the hydrogen atom in the carboxylic group (COOH) that is replaced. Hence, ethanoic Acid CH3COOH and methanoic acid, HCOOH that have four and two hydrogen atoms per molecule respectively, are both monobasic.
Methanoic Acid:
HCOOH \(\scriptsize \leftrightharpoons \)H+ + HCOO–
Basicity = 1 i.e monobasic.
so clearly explained thanks a lot