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SS2: GOVERNMENT - 1ST TERM

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  1. Electoral Process | Week 1
    5 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  2. Types of Electoral Process | Week 2
    5 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  3. Electoral Process Continues - Proportional, Representation, Repeated Ballot, Direct and Indirect Elections | Week 3
    5 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  4. Ballot Systems | Types of Voting | Week 4
    3 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  5. Organization of Election | Week 5
    4 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  6. Electoral Commission and Electoral Officers | Week 6
    4 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  7. Public Opinion and Mass Media | Week 7
    6 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  8. Civil Service | Week 8
    6 Topics
  9. Personnel Administration in the Civil Service | Week 9
    5 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  10. Public Corporation | Week 10
    9 Topics
  11. Commercialization, Privatization and Deregulation of Public Corporations | Week 11
    4 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz



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Topic Content:

  • Theory Questions & Answers – Organization of Election

Evaluation Questions – Organization of Election:

1. (a) Define Constituency.

(b) What are the factors that determine Constituency Delineation?

2. (a) What is a Single Member Constituency?

(b) Give merits and demerits of a single-member constituency.

3. (a) Explain multi-member Constituency.

(b) Enumerate merits and demerits of Multi-Member Constituency.

4. (a) What is a free and fair election?

 

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Evaluation Questions – Organization of Election

1. (a) Define Constituency.

Answer:

Constituency: It is an electoral district or area within a relatively known population from which one or more representatives can be elected into the legislature. The Electoral Commission delineates states into constituencies for electoral purposes.

 

(b) What are the factors that determine Constituency Delineation?

Answer:

  • Population is a key factor in Constituency Delineation. Areas that are small with a high population may be a constituency while a large area that is sparsely populated may be a constituency.
  • The composition of the interest groups that are in an area is considered to give people or everyone a sense of belonging.
  • Administrative consistencies are also important. The electoral commission may carve out constituencies in a manner that will make its work easier.

 

2. (a) What is a Single Member Constituency?

Answer:

Single Member Constituency: This is an electoral district or area that elects one member into the legislature to represent their interest.

Answer:

 

(b) Give merits and demerits of a single-member constituency.

Merits of Single Member Constituency

  • As the constituency is small, the electorate will maintain a link with the elected representatives for effective representation.
  • It allows the voters to know the candidate better to make informed decisions during an election.
  • As the constituencies are small, the electorate can assess the performance of the representatives and hold representatives accountable.
  • The people are more interested in political activities.
  • It ensures equal representation of the distributive population.

Demerits of Single Member Constituency

  • It can lead to poor representation of the interests of minorities in the constituency. The candidates from the minorities may find it difficult to emerge as winners.
  • Single Member Constituency Representative promotes the interest of their constituency to the detriment of national interest.
  • Sometimes, the constituency is divided in such a manner to manipulate elections to favour the government of the day.
  • This type of constituency makes it possible for elected representatives who are parochial and over-ambitious to overstay in power.

 

3. (a) Explain multi-member Constituency.

Answer: In a Multi-member constituency, more than one representative is elected from each constituency. A specific number of seats are allotted to each constituency. In this system, a voter may vote more than once. The number of votes a voter can cast depends on the number of seats to be filled. This system is not too popular because most countries prefer Single-Member Constituency.

 

(b) Enumerate merits and demerits of Multi-Member Constituency.

Answer:

Merits of Multi-Member Constituency

  • It enhances a greater representation of the people in government as more than one seat is allotted to a constituency.
  • The interest of the minority is better represented.
  • Minority political parties thrive as these political parties may secure few seats in the legislature.
  • The constituencies are larger both in size and population thereby making it difficult for someone or the government to manipulate the constituency through gerrymander.
  • Political parties may find it difficult to influence election results or bribe their way to power.

Demerits of Multi-Member Constituency

  • The voters may have poor knowledge of the candidates they are voting for.
  • Mediocre may end up being elected into office.
  • There may be no bond between the representatives and the people in the constituency.
  • The electorate may not know which of the representatives to hold accountable for poor representation in the government.
  • There may be poor or defective representation in the government as each representative may be waiting for the others to take up the responsibility.

 

4. (a) What is a free and fair election?

Answer: Free and Fair Elections are elections that are devoid of any form of irregularity or fraud. It is a crucial element of democracy. In a democracy, all qualified citizens of the voting age must have the right to be registered and to vote for candidates or parties of their choice without fear or favour, intimidation, or inducement.

 

(b) List features of a free and fair election.

Answer:

Features of Free and Fair Election

  • There is the existence of an independent empire to organize and conduct elections.
  • Elections are periodic and regular.
  • The constituencies shall be delineated properly to prevent giving any candidate or political party undue advantage.
  • There exist more than one political party to contest an election.
  • The Voters’ register is displayed regularly and periodically to prevent any disenfranchisement.
  • Voters’ registers are updated regularly.
  • Qualification requirements for election must be stipulated and given adequate publicity.

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