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- Definition of DensityDensity is the measurement of how tightly a material is packed together i.e. how closely the particles are packed in the material. The tighter the material is packed the more its... More
- Density of Different materials
- Determination of Density of a Solid (Regular and Irregular Objects)
- Relative Density
- Worked Examples
What is Density?
Density of a substance is the ratio of mass to a volume of a substance.
OR
Density is mass per unit volume of a substance.
Density is represented by the Greek symbol rho, \( \scriptsize \rho \)
⇒ \( \scriptsize Density, \: \rho = \normalsize \frac {mass}{volume} \)
= \( \frac {kilogramme}{m^3} \\ = \scriptsize kgm^{-3}\)
Its unit is kgm-3.
Different materials have different densities as shown;
| Material | Density kgm-3 |
| Copper | 8.9 × 103 |
| Lead | 11.3 × 103 |
| Iron | 7.9 × 103 |
| Water | 1 × 103 |
| Mercury | 13.6 × 103 |
| Zinc | 7.1 × 103 |
| Aluminium | 2.7 × 103 |
| Gold | 19.3 × 103 |
| Platinum | 21.5 × 103 |
| Paraffin wax | 0.9 × 103 |
| Steel | 7.8 × 103 |
Determination of Density of a Solid:
(i) Regular Shaped Object: The mass of a regular object is measured with a chemical balance or beam balance and its volume measured by metre rule, vernier calliper or micrometre screw gauge, depending on the shape of the body.
The density is then calculated by applying the formula:
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