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SS3: CHEMISTRY - 1ST TERM

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  1. Volumetric Analysis (Titration) | Week 1
    3 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  2. Heat of Neutralization & Redox Titrations | Week 2
    2 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  3. Test for Common Gases | Week 3
    1 Topic
  4. Qualitative Analysis I | Week 4
    2 Topics
  5. Qualitative Analysis II | Week 5
    1 Topic
  6. Qualitative Analysis III | Week 6
    2 Topics
  7. Qualitative Analysis IV - Anions | Week 7
    1 Topic
  8. Test for Fat and Oil; Protein; Starch | Week 8
    3 Topics
  9. Petroleum I | Week 9
    4 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  10. Petroleum II | Week 10
    4 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz




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SS3: CHEMISTRY – 1ST TERM Petroleum II | Week 10 SS3: Chemistry Theory Questions – Petroleum II
Lesson 10, Topic 4
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SS3: Chemistry Theory Questions – Petroleum II

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Question 1:

Define the following terms:
i. Hydrocarbon
ii. Cracking of petroleum
iii. Reforming 

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Question 2:

Give two differences between cracking and reforming

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Question 3:

How are the fractions of petroleum separated?

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Question 4:

Name three products of fractional distillation of crude oil and give one use of each of the fractions you named.

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Question 1

Define the following terms:

i. Hydrocarbon

Answer: Hydrocarbon is an organic compound composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are naturally occurring and form the basis of crude oil, natural gas coal etc.

ii. Cracking of petroleum

Answer: Cracking is the breaking up of longer hydrocarbon into smaller ones at high temperatures and pressure in the presence of catalysts.

iii. Reforming

Answer: Reforming is the conversion of straight-chain hydrocarbons using a catalyst into branch chain isomers, cycloalkanes and benzene. It is used to improve the quality of petrol.

Question 2

Give two differences between cracking and reforming

Answer:

Cracking Reforming
(i) Doesn’t improve the quality of petrol Improves the quality of petrol
(ii) Breaks large fractions of hydrocarbons into smaller ones Rearranges the fractions

Question 3

How are the fractions of petroleum separated?

Answer:

They are separated using fractional distillation. The fractions are separated according to their molar masses and boiling point. The heavier fractions move to the bottom and the lighter ones to the top. They are then vapourized and collected on the top of the distillation tower in increasing boiling temperature.

Question 4

Name three products of fractional distillation of crude oil and give one use of each of the fractions you named.

Answer:

(i) Bitumen (Asphalt) > C30 (>350ºC)
Bitumen is used in road surfacing, coating pipes, tar and for roofing

(ii) Paraffin oil (Kerosene) C11 – C15 (180 – 250ºC)
– It is used as fuel for lighting and heating
– It is also used as aviation fuel

(iii) Gasoline (Petrol) C5 – C10 (40 – 180ºC)
– Petrol is used as fuel in cars and generators. It is also used as a solvent for paint and grease.

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