# JAMB 2022 Syllabus for Physics

## INTRODUCTION

The JAMB Syllabus is a comprehensive listing of topics from which questions would be set on all subject areas. The syllabus has been specifically designed to guide candidates to adequately prepare for the examination.

Below is the JAMB 2022 Syllabus for Physics.

CONTENT

### 1. Measurement & Unit:

(a) Length area and volume: Metre rule, Venier calipers, Micrometer Screw-guage, measuring cylinder

(b) Mass:
(i) unit of mass
(ii) use of simple beam balance
(iii) concept of beam balance

(c) Time:
(i) unit of time
(ii) time-measuring devices

(d) Fundamental Physical Quantities:

(e) Derived Physical Quantities and their Units:
(i) Combinations of fundamental quantities and determination of their units

(f) Dimensions:
(i) definition of dimensions
(ii) simple examples

(g) Limitations of Experimental Measurements:
(i) accuracy of measuring instruments
(ii) simple estimation of errors.
(iii) significant figures.
(iv) standard form.

### 2. Scalars and Vectors:

(i) definition of scalar and vector quantities
(ii) examples of scalar and vector quantities
(iii) relative velocity
(iv) resolution of vectors into two perpendicular directions including graphical methods of solution

### 3. Motion:

(a) Types of motion: translational, oscillatory, rotational, spin and random

(b) Relative Motion:

(c) Causes of Motion:

(d) Types of Force
(i) contact
(ii) force field

(e) Linear Motion:
(i) speed, velocity and acceleration
(ii) equations of uniformly accelerated motion
(iii) motion under gravity
(iv) distance-time graph and velocity-time graph
(v) instantaneous velocity and acceleration

(f) Projectiles:
(i) calculation of range, maximum height and time of flight
(ii) applications of projectile motion

(g) Newton’s Laws of Motion:
(i) inertia, mass and force
(ii) relationship between mass and acceleration
(iii) impulse and momentum
(iv) conservation of linear momentum
(Coefficient of restitution not necessary)

(e) Motion in a Circle:
(i) angular velocity and angular acceleration
(ii) centripetal and centrifugal forces.
(iii) applications

(f) Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M):
(i) definition and explanation of simple harmonic motion
(ii) examples of systems that execute S.H.M
(iii) period frequency and amplitude of S.H.M
(iv) velocity and acceleration of S.H.M
(v) energy change in S.H.M
(vi) force vibration and resonance (simple
treatment).

### 4. Gravitational Field:

(i) Newton’s law of universal gravitation
(ii) gravitational potential
(iii) conservative and non-conservative fields
(iv) acceleration due to gravity [g = GM/R]
(iv) variation of g on the earth’s surface
(v) distinction between mass and weight
(vi) escape velocity
(vii) parking orbit and weightlessness

### 5. Equilibrium of Forces:

(a) Equilibrium of Particles:
(i) equilibrium of coplanar forces
(ii) triangles and polygon of forces
(iii) Lami’s theorem

(b) Principles of Moments:
(i) moment of a force
(ii) simple treatment and moment of a couple (torque)
(iii) applications

(c) Conditions for Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies under the action of Parallel and Non-parallel Forces:
(i) resolution and composition of forces in two perpendicular directions
(ii) resultant and equilibrant

(d) Centre of Gravity and Stability
(i) stable, unstable and neutral equilibria

### 6. Work Energy and Power:

(i) definition of work, energy and power
(ii) forms of energy
(iii) conservation of energy
(iv) qualitative treatment between different forms of energy
(v) interpretation of area under the force-distance curve

### 7. Friction:

(i) static and dynamic friction
(ii) coefficient of limiting friction and its determination.
(iv) reduction of friction
(v) qualitative treatment of viscosity and terminal viscosity
(vi) Stoke’s law

### 8. Simple Machines:

(i) definition of machine
(ii) types of machines
(iii) mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency of machines

### 9. Elasticity:

(i) elastic limit, yield point, breaking point, Hooke’s law and Young’s modulus
(ii) the spring balance as a device for measuring force
(iii) work done in springs and elastic strings

### 10. Pressure:

(a) Atmospheric Pressure:
(i) definition of atmospheric pressure
(ii) units of pressure (S.I) units
(iii) measurement of pressure
(iv) simple mercury barometer, aneroid barometer and manometer.
(v) variation of pressure with height
(vi) the use of barometer as an altimeter.

(b) Pressure in Liquids:
(i) the relationship between pressure, depth and density (P = ρgh)
(ii) transmission of pressure in liquids (Pascal’s Principle)
(iii) application

### 11. Liquids at Rest:

(i) determination of density of solids and liquids
(ii) definition of relative density
(iii) upthrust on a body immersed in a liquid
(iv) Archimede’s principle and law of flotation and applications, e.g. ships and hydrometers

### 12. Temperature and Its Measurement:

(i) concept of temperature
(ii) thermometric properties
(iii) calibration of thermometers
(iv) temperature scales – Celsius and Kelvin.
(v) types of thermometers
(vi) conversion from one scale of temperature to another

### 13. Thermal Expansion:

(a) Solids:
(i) definition and determination of linear, volume and area expansivities
(ii) effects and applications, e.g. expansion in building strips and railway lines
(iii) relationship between different expansivities

(b) Liquids:
(i) volume expansivity
(ii) real and apparent expansivities
(iii) determination of volume expansivity
(iv) anomalous expansion of water

### 14. Gas Laws:

(i) Boyle’s law (PV = constant)
(ii) Charle’s law ( V/P = constant)
(iii) Pressure law ( P/T = constant )
(iv) absolute zero of temperature
(v) general gas quation ( PV/T = constant )
(vi) ideal gas equation (Pv = nRT)
(iv) Van der Waals equation

### 15. Quantity of Heat:

(i) heat as a form of energy
(ii) definition of heat capacity and specific heat capacity of solids and liquids
(iii) determination of heat capacity and specific heat capacity of substances by simple methods e.g method of mixtures and electrical method

### 16. Change of State:

(i) latent heat
(ii) specific latent heats of fusion and vaporization;
(iii) melting, evaporation and boiling
(iv) the influence of pressure and of dissolved substances on boiling and melting points.
(v) application in appliances

### 17. Vapours:

(i) unsaturated and saturated vapours
(ii) relationship between saturated vapour pressure (S.V.P) and boiling
(iii) determination of S.V.P by barometer tube method
(iv) formation of dew, mist, fog, and rain
(v) study of dew point, humidity and relative humidity
(vi) hygrometry; estimation of the humidity of the atmosphere using wet and dry bulb hygrometers.

### 18. Structure of Matter and Kinetic Theory:

(a) Molecular Nature of Matter:
(i) atoms and molecules
(ii) molecular theory: explanation of Brownian motion, diffusion, surface tension, capillarity, adhesion, cohesion and angles of contact
(iii) examples and applications.

(b) Kinetic Theory:
(i) assumptions of the kinetic theory
(ii) using the theory to explain the pressure exerted by gas, Boyle’s law, Charles’ law,
melting, boiling, vaporization, change in temperature evaporation, etc.

### 19. Heat Transfer:

(i) conduction, convection and radiation as modes of heat transfer
(ii) temperature gradient, thermal conductivity and heat flux
(iii) effect of the nature of the surface on the energy radiated and absorbed by it.
(iv) the conductivities of common materials.
(vii) land and sea breeze

### 20. Waves:

(a) Production and Propagation:
(i) wave motion,
(ii) vibrating systems as source of waves
(iii) waves as mode of energy transfer
(iv) distinction between particle motion and wave motion
(v) relationship between frequency, wavelength and wave velocity (V = f λ)
(vi) phase difference
(vii) progressive wave equation e.g
$$\scriptsize y = A \: sin \: \normalsize \frac{2 \pi}{\lambda} \scriptsize \left(v \pm x \right )$$

(b) Classification:
(i) types of waves; mechanical and electromagnetic waves
(ii) longitudinal and transverse waves
(iii) stationary and progressive waves
(iv) examples of waves from springs, ropes, stretched strings and the ripple tank.

(c) Characteristics / Properties:
(i) reflection, refraction, diffraction and plane Polarization
(ii) superposition of waves e.g interference
(iii) Beats;
(iv) Doppler effects (qualitative treatment
only).

### 21. Propagation of Sound Waves:

(i) the necessity for a material medium
(ii) speed of sound in solids, liquids and air;
(iii) reflection of sound; echoes, reverberation and their applications
(iv) disadvantages of echoes and reverberations

### 22. Characteristics of Sound Waves:

(i) noise and musical notes
(ii) quality, pitch, intensity and loudness and their application to musical instruments;
(iii) simple treatment of overtones produced by vibrating strings and their columns
Fo

= $$\frac{1}{2L} \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}} \: \: \scriptsize \left(\mu = \normalsize \frac{m}{l} \right)$$
(iv) acoustic examples of resonance
(v) frequency of a note emitted by air columns in closed and open pipes in relation to their lengths.

### 23. Light Energy:

(a) Source of Light:
(i) natural and artificial source of light
(ii) luminous and non-luminous objects

(b) Propagation of Light:
(i) speed, frequency and wavelength of light
(ii) formation of shadows and eclipse
(iii) the pin-hole camera.

### 24. Reflection of Light at Plane and Curved Surfaces:

(i) laws of reflection.
(ii) application of reflection of light
(iii) formation of images by plane, concave and convex mirrors and ray diagrams
(iv) use of the mirror formula
⇒ $$\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} \: + \: \frac{1}{u}$$
(v) linear magnification

### 25. Refraction of Light Through:

(a) Plane and Curved Surface:
(i) explanation of refraction in terms of velocity of light in the media.
(ii) laws of refraction
(iii) definition of refractive index of a medium
(iv) determination of refractive index of glass and liquid using Snell’s law
(v) real and apparent depth and lateral displacement
(vi) critical angle and total internal reflection

(b) Glass Prism:
(i) use of the minimum deviation formula
U = $$\frac{sin \left[ \frac{A\:+\:D}{2}\right]}{sin \left[ \frac{A}{2}\right]}$$
(ii) type of lenses
(iii) use of lens formula
⇒ $$\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{u} \: + \: \frac{1}{v}$$
and Newton’s formular (F2= ab)
(iv) magnification

### 26. Optical Instruments:

(i) the principles of microscopes, telescopes, projectors, cameras and the human eye (physiological details of the eye are not required)
(ii) power of a lens
(iii) angular magnification
(iv) near and far points
(v) sight defects and their corrections

### 27. Dispersion of Light and Colours:

(a) dispersion of light and colours
(i) dispersion of white light by a triangular prism
(ii) production of pure spectrum
(iii) colour mixing by addition and subtraction
(iv) colour of objects and colour filters
(v) rainbow

(b) Electgromagnetic Spectrum
(i) description of sources and uses of various types of radiation

### 28. Electrostatics:

(i) existence of positive and negative charges in matter
(ii) charging a body by friction, contact and induction
(iii) electroscope
(iv) coulomb’s inverse square law electric field and potential
(v) electric field and potential
(vi) electric discharge and lightning

### 29. Capacitors:

(i) functions of capacitors
(ii) parallel plate capacitors
(iii) capacitance of a capacitors
(iv) the relationship between capacitance, area separation of plates and medium between the plates.
C = $$\frac{\varepsilon A}{d}$$
(v) capacitors in series and parallel
(vi) energy stored in a capacitor

### 30. Electric Cells:

(i) simple voltaic cell and its defects;
(ii) daniel cell, Leclanche cell (wet and dry)
(iv) maintenance of cells and batteries (detailed treatment of the chemistry of a cell is not required
(v) arrangement of cells
(vi) efficiency of a cell

### 31. Current Electricity:

(i) electromagnetic force (emf), potential difference (p.d.), current, internal resistance of a cell and lost Volt
(ii) Ohm’s law
(iii) measurement of resistance
(iv) meter bridge
(v) resistance in series and in parallel and their combination
(vi) the potentiometer method of measuring emf, current and internal resistance of a
cell.
(vii)electrical networks

### 32. Electrical Energy and Power:

(i) concepts of electrical energy and power
(ii) commercial unit of electric energy and power
(iii) electric power transmission
(iv) heating effects of electric current
(vi) electrical wiring of houses
(vii) use of fuses

### 33. Magnets and Magnetic Fields:

(i) natural and artificial magnets
(ii) magnetic properties of soft iron and steel
(iii) methods of making magnets and demagnetization
(iv) concept of magnetic field
(v) magnetic field of a permanent magnet
(vi) magnetic field round a straight current-carrying conductor, circular wire and solenoid
(vii) properties of the earth’s magnetic field; north and south poles, magnetic meridian and angle of dip and declination
(viii) flux and flux density
(ix) variation of magnetic field intensity over the earth’s surface
(x) applications: earth’s magnetic field in navigation and mineral exploration.

### 34. Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field:

(i) quantitative treatment of force between two parallel current-carrying conductors
(ii) force on a charge moving in a magnetic field;
(iii) the d. c. motor
(iv) electromagnets
(v) carbon microphone
(vi) moving coil and moving iron instruments
(vii) conversion of galvanometers to ammeters and voltmeters using shunts and multipliers

### 35. Electromagnetic Induction:

(a) Electromagnetic Induction:
(i) Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction
(ii) factors affecting induced emf
(iii) Lenz’s law as an illustration of the principle of conservation of energy
(iv) a.c. and d.c generators
(v) transformers
(vi) the induction coil

(b) Inductance:
(i) explanation of inductance
(ii) unit of inductance
(iii) energy stored in an inductor
E = $$\frac{1}{2} \scriptsize I^2 L$$
(iv) application/uses of inductors

(c) Eddy Current:
(i) reduction of eddy current
(ii) applications of eddy current

### 36. Simple A. C. Circuits:

(i) explanation of a.c. current and voltage
(ii) peak and r.m.s. values
(iii) a.c. source connected to a resistor;
(iv) a.c source connected to a capacitor capacitive reactance
(v) a.c source connected to an inductor inductive reactance
(vi) series R-L-C circuits
(vii) vector diagram
(viii) reactance and impedance of alternative quantities
(ix) effective voltage in an R-L-C circuits
(x) resonance and resonance frequency
F0 = $$\frac{1}{2 \pi \sqrt{LC}}$$

### 37. Conduction of Electricity Through:

(a) liquids:
(i) electrolytes and non-electrolyte
(ii) concept of electrolysis
(iv) application of electrolysis, e.g electroplating, calibration of ammeter etc.

(b) gases:
(i) discharge through gases (quantitative treatment only)
(ii) application of conduction of electricity through gases

### 38. Elementary Modern Physics:

(i) models of the atom and their limitations
(ii) elementary structure of the atom;
(iii) energy levels and spectra
(iv) thermionic and photoelectric emissions;
(v) Einstein’s equation and stopping potential
(vi) applications of thermionic emissions and photoelectric effects
(vii) simple method of production of x-rays
(viii) properties and applications of alpha, beta and gamma rays
(ix) half-life and decay constant
(x) simple ideas of production of energy by fusion and fission
(xi) binding energy, mass defect and Einstein’s energy equation
⇒$$\scriptsize \Delta E = \Delta Mc^2$$
(xii) wave-particle paradox (duality of matter)
(xiii) electron diffraction
(xiv) the uncertainty principle

### 39. Introductory Electronics:

(i) distinction between metals, semiconductors and insulators (elementary knowledge of bandgap is required)
(ii) intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors;
(iii) uses of semiconductors and diodes in rectification and transistors in amplification
(iv) n-type and p-type semi-conductors
(v) elementary knowledge of diodes and transistors

## Jamb 2022 Physics Syllabus Recommended Textbooks

• Nelkon, M (1977). Fundamentals of Physics, Great Britain: Hart-Davis
Educational.
• Nelkon, M and Parker, (1989). Advanced Level Physics (Sixth Edition),
Heinemann
• Okeke, P. N and Anyakoha, M. W (2000). Senior Secondary School Physics,
Lagos: Pacific Printers
• Olumuyionwa A. and Ogunkoya O. O (1992). Comprehensive Certificate Physics,
• Ike, E. E (2006). Essential Principles of Physics, Aba Enic Publishers
• Ike, E. E (2005). Numerical Problems and Solutions in Physics, F = Ma Enic
Publishers, Aba

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