JUPEB: BIOLOGY
Quizzes
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JUPEB BIOLOGY 2015
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JUPEB 2015 BIOLOGY ESSAY QUESTIONS
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JUPEB BIOLOGY 2016
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JUPEB 2016 BIOLOGY ESSAY QUESTIONS
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JUPEB BIOLOGY SCIJ152 MOCK QUESTIONS
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JUPEB BIOLOGY 2019 MULTICHOICE QUESTIONS
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JUPEB 2019 BIOLOGY ESSAY QUESTIONS
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JUPEB 2019 BIOLOGY ESSAY QUESTIONS
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JUPEB 2015 BIOLOGY: SCI-J152 – Multiple Choice Questions
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JUPEB 2015 BIOLOGY: Essay Questions
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JUPEB 2016 BIOLOGY: Multiple Choice Questions
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JUPEB 2016 BIOLOGY: Essay Questions
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JUPEB BIOLOGY: SCI-J152 – MOCK QUESTIONS – Multiple Choice Questions
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JUPEB 2019 BIOLOGY: Multiple Choice Questions
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JUPEB 2019 BIOLOGY: Essay Questions
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Question 1 of 16
1. Question
State 6 differences between sexual and asexual reproduction
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This response will be reviewed and graded after submission.
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Distinguishing between Asexual and sexual reproduction. A sexual Reproduction sexual Reproduction
- Only one parent is involved involves one/two parents;
- no sex cells/gametes are involved sex cells/gametes are involved;
- no fertilization/fusion  of  cells/no  zygote formed fertilization/ fusion of cells takes rapid/faster rate of producing offspring slower rate of producing offspring;
- offspring are genetically identical offspring show genetic variation;
- only mitosis occurs during the process; both meiosis and mitosis occur during the process;
- offspring adapt less to  changes  in environment offspring  are  better adapted to  changes  in  the environment.
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Question 2 of 16
2. Question
Write short notes on any 2 of the following:
i.     Haplontic life cycle
ii.    Diplontic life cycle
iii.       Haplodiplontic life cycle
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- Haplontic Life cycle or Zygotic Meiosis- “zygote goes through meiosis”
A life cycle in which the haploid (In) phase is multicellular and dominant.
This haploid phase produces reproductive cells, such’ as sperm and eggs, which fuse during fertilization to create a diploid cell.
This diploid cell, the zygote, goes through meiosis to create four (4) spores which are dispersed Spores germinate into new haploid organism mature haploid sex cells fertilization zygote meiosis spores mitosis mature haploid e.g. most fungi:Â Â zygomycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, some green algae,
- Diplontic Life cycle or Gametic Meiosis – “gametes created by meiosis”
- A life cycle in which the diploid (2n) phase is multicellular and dominant.
- This diploid phase produces reproductive cells through meiosis of a diploid sporocyte to create four (4) sex cells, such as sperm or eggs
- Sperm and egg fuse during fertilization to create a young zygote
- mature diploid meiosis sex cells fertilization zygote mitosis mature diploid e.g. oomycetes, diatoms, some brown algae, all animals
iii.       Diplo-haplontic Life Cycle  or Alternation of Generations or Sporic Meiosis – “spores created by meiosis”
- A life cycle in which both the diploid (2n) and hap1oid (In) phases are multicellular.
- Since this is a lifecycle found in plants and algae, we use the term “sporophyte” for the diploid phase, and “gametophyte” for the haploid phase
- The 2n sporophyte produces sporocytes in a sporangium, which each go through meiosis to create four (4)  Multiple sporocytes will create multiple spores (x4)
- These spores are dispersed and germinate into gametophytes
- Gametophytes mature and produce sex cells: male (e.g.sperm) and female (e.g. eggs) sex cells in gametangia.
- Sex cells fuse, during fertilization, to create a young sporophyte, or zygote mature diploid meiosis spores mitosis mature haploid sex cells fertilization zygote mitosis mature diploid e.g. all land plants, chytridiomycetes, red algae, some brown algae, some green alga
- most land plants (except bryophytes) have a dominant  sporophyte  phase,  with  a  reduced gametophyte. This can make land plants seem like they are diplontic, but they are not. Every (yes, every) land plant group has a multicellular gametophyte (although hidden), which makes them diplo-haplontic.
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Question 3 of 16
3. Question
Define the following terms
i.     Genotype
ii.    Phenotype
iii.   Hybrid
iv.   Dominant character.
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Grading can be reviewed and adjusted.Grading can be reviewed and adjusted.Hint
- genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual. Genotype can refer to an organism’s entire genetic makeup or the alleles at a particular locus.
- Phenotype is the observable or detectable characteristics of an individual organism-the detectable expression of a genotype.
- hybrids are offspring that are the result of mating between two  genetically  different  kinds  of parents- the opposite of purebred.
- dominant characters are characters that mask the presence of a recessive character in the phenotype. Dominant character for a trait are usually expressed if an individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous.
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Question 4 of 16
4. Question
State clearly Mendel’s first and second laws of inheritance
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Mendel’s first law (also called the law of segregation) states that during the formation of reproductive cells (gametes), pairs of hereditary factors (genes), for a specific trait separate so that offspring receive one factor from each parent. Mendel’s second law (also called the law of independent assortment) states that each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of other pairs so the results are random.
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Question 5 of 16
5. Question
If a pure breeding brown coloured rat BB is crossed with a pure breeding White rat bb, using diagrams only, show the genotype of the offspring up to the second filial generation.
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Fl Parents:                        Bb vs        Bb
Gametes:             Bb             Bb
Genotype:            BB Bb      Bb      bb -
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Question 6 of 16
6. Question
Describe the formation of two molecules of pyruvate during respiration
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Pyruvate oxidation steps
Pyruvate is produced by glycolysis in the cytoplasm, but pyruvate oxidation takes place in the mitochondrial matrix (in eukaryotes). So, before the chemical reactions can begin, pyruvate must enter the mitochondrion, crossing its inner membrane and arriving at the matrix.
In the matrix, pyruvate is modified in a series of steps:
Step 1. A carboxyl group is snipped off of pyruvate and released as a molecule of carbon dioxide, leaving behind a two-carbon molecule.
Step 2. The two-carbon moleculeJrom step 1 is oxidized, and the electrons lost in the oxidation are picked up by NAD+D Â to form NADH
Step 3. The oxidized two-carbon molecule—an acetyl group, highlighted in green—is attached to Coenzyme A (CoA), an organic molecule derived from vitamin B5, to form acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is sometimes called a carrier molecule, and its job here is to carry the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle. The steps above are carried out by a large enzyme complex called pyruvate dehydrogenase, which consists of three interconnected enzymes and includes over 60 subunits. At a couple of stages, the reaction intermediates actually’ form covalent bonds to the enzyme complex—or, more specifically, to its cofactors. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an important target for regulation, as it controls the amount of acetyl CoA fed into the citric acid cycle 1,2,3 …
If we consider the two pyruvates that enter from glycolysis (for each glucose molecule), we can summarize pyruvate oxidation as follows:
Two molecules of pyruvate are converted into two molecules of acetyl CoA
Two carbons are released as carbon dioxide—out of the six originally present in glucose.
2 NADH are generated from NAD []+C U.
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Question 7 of 16
7. Question
Define the following terms
- Aseptic Technique
- Antigens
iii.     Antibodies
- Immunity
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This response will be reviewed and graded after submission.
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i.     Aseptic technique is a set of specific practices and procedures performed under carefully controlled           conditions with the goal of minimizing contamination by pathogens.
ii.    Antigen is a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially       the production of antibodies.
iii. Antibody is a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. Antibodies combine chemically with substances which the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood.
iv. Immunity is the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.
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Question 8 of 16
8. Question
List 6 rules that must be observed for any aseptic technique
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- An article is either sterile or unsterile. If there is any doubt, consider the article unsterile and discard it immediately.
- Wear sterile gloves and change gloves if they become punched or torn. Make sure you discard the contaminated gloves.
- Do not open a sterile pack or container until the article(s) is/are required.If you are the circulating assistant, touch only die outside edges of the wrapper when opening a sterile pack.
- Take care when unfolding the wrapper so that the inside does not brush against your clothing. If you are the scrub assistant, never touch the outside of a pack.
- Remove sterile articles from a pack or a container by lifting them straight up and out. Never drag an article over the edge of a pack or a container.
- Once an.article is removed from a sterile pack or a container, do not place it back in the pack.
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Question 9 of 16
9. Question
How does water in the soil enter the root hair of a plant?
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The path of water in plants is as follows:
The path of water in plant is as follows:1
1. Water enters the root hair cell for the moist soil because the water enters potential is higher in the soil, than in the cytoplasm.
2. Water passes through the cortex cells by osmosis but mostly by “suction”.
3. Water (and dissolved substances) is forced to cross the endodermis.
4. Water enters the xylem then leaves when it gets to the mesophyll cells. The uptake of water is caused by water loss in leaves trough the stoma lowering the water potential in leaves, then water moves from xylem due to the tension (because of cohesion/sticking of water molecules to each other) caused by water loss from the leaves, and ends with thr gain through roots. The upward flow of water is called the transpiration stream. The minerals present in soil dissolve in water to form an aqueous solution. So, when water is transported by the root of the plant to its leaves, then thr minerals dissolved in it also get transporter along with it.
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Question 10 of 16
10. Question
Name the tissue that conducts water from the root to thr stem and leaves in a flowering
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Xylem tissue conducts water and other solutes from the roots to the sten and leaves
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Question 11 of 16
11. Question
State five functions of testosterone
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Testosterone is known as the ‘male hormone’ because it is far more concentrated in male than in females. Its main role in males are:
i. Development of male genitalia (in thr fetal stage)
ii. Maintenance of sex drive and happiness.
iii. Development of male secondary sexuak characteristics at puberty (growth of facial hair, deepening of the voice, initiation of sperm production).
iv. Testosterone plays a role in certain behaviours, including aggression and dominance. It also helps to spark competitiveness and boost self-esteem.
v. Testosterone is one of many factors involved in thr development of muscle bulk and strength. Testosterone increases neurotransmitters, which encourage tissue growth.
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Question 12 of 16
12. Question
With the aid of diagram only, describe mature sermatozoon
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Question 13 of 16
13. Question
What is a tissue?
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Tissue: a group of similar cells organised into a structural and functional unit e. g. Hydra, bone.
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Question 14 of 16
14. Question
How are plant tissue formed
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Tissue are formed in plants by a process of cell differentiation, which is only part of the larger picture of plant development. As plant organs develop (the process of organogenesis), thr precursors of thr tissue systems form in response to positional signs. Then, within each tissue system precursor, cell types must be specifies in the proper spatial pattern. For instance, the spacing of trichomes and stomach within the protoderm must be specified before the precursor cells begin differentiation.
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Question 15 of 16
15. Question
Describe the structure and function of tei vascular tissues.
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Parenchyma tissue: consists of loosky-packed, thin-walled rounded cells with air spaces between them. It is the principal tissue of thr cortex and pith.
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Question 16 of 16
16. Question
List any 6 characteristics of the phylum mullusca
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1. Bilaterally symmetrical.
2. Body without cavity.
3. Body has more than two cell layers, tissues and organs.
Body possesses a through gut with mouth and anus.
5. Body mo o Eric and highly variable in form, may possess a dorsal or lateral shells of protein and calcareous spicules.
Has a nervous system with a circum-oesophagal ring, ganglia and paired nerve chords.
7. Has an open circular system with a heart and an aorta.
8. Has haseous exchange organs called etenidial gills.
9. Has a pair of kidneys.
10. Reproduction normally sexual and gonochoristic.
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