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SS1: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE - 1ST TERM

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  1. Meaning and Importance of Agriculture | Week 1
    3 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  2. Problems of Agricultural Development and Possible Solutions | Week 2
    1 Topic
    |
    1 Quiz
  3. Meaning and Differences between Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture | Week 3
    4 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  4. Roles of Government in Agriculture Development | Week 4
    3 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  5. Roles of Non-Governmental Organizations in Agricultural Development | Week 5
    5 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  6. Agricultural Laws and Reforms | Week 6
    4 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  7. Meaning and Importance of Agricultural Ecology | Week 7
    7 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  8. Land and its Uses | Week 8
    5 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz

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Topic Content:

  • Differences between Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture
  • Evaluation Questions

Below are the differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture:

Subsistence Vs. Commercial Agriculture:

S/NSubsistence AgricultureCommercial Agriculture
1.Crude tools and implements
are used.		Complex and modern tools and
implements are used.
2.Total output is low.Total output is high.
3.Small scale farming is adopted.Large scale farming is adopted.
4.Ideal for mixed cropping.Ideal for mono-cropping/plantation.
5.No record-keepingAccurate record-keeping is
required.
6.Use of unskilled labour.Skilled labour is involved.
7.The environment is free of pollution.Pollution of the environment due
to degradation level.
8. No need for storage and processing
facilities.		Requires storage and processing
facilities.
9.Pest and diseases are not controlled.Pest and diseases are controlled.

Evaluation Questions:

1. Differentiate between subsistence and commercial agriculture.

2. List eight differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture

3. Identify five problems associated with subsistence and commercial agriculture

4. Enumerate five characteristics of
(i) Subsistence Agriculture
(ii) Commercial Agriculture

5. Highlight five advantages of subsistence and commercial agriculture

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Evaluation Questions:

1. Differentiate between subsistence and commercial agriculture.

Answer:

Subsistence Agriculture: is a system of farming whereby a farmer cultivates crops and rear animals in order to produce food for himself and his family.

Commercial Agriculture: is concerned with the production of food, animals and cash crops in large quantities for sale.

 

2. List eight differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture

Answer:

S/N Subsistence Agriculture Commercial Agriculture
1. Use of Crude implements and tools are used. Complex and modern tools and implements are used.
2. Low total output. High total output.
3. Small scale farming. Large scale farming.
4. Ideal for mixed cropping. Mono-cropping/plantation.
5. No record-keeping. Requires accurate record keeping.
6. Use of unskilled labour. Skilled labour is involved.
7. Pests and diseases are not controlled. Pests and diseases are controlled.
8. Involves low capital. Capital intensive.

 

3. Identify five problems associated with subsistence and commercial agriculture

Answer:

Subsistence Agriculture:

a. Crude implements and tools are used

b. Family labour supply is unreliable

c. Fragmented or small farmland

d. No surplus for sale

e. Low output/yield

Commercial Agriculture

a. Problems of land tenure systems

b. High capital investment

c. Inadequate processing facilities

d. Inadequate skilled manpower

e. Environmental pollution

 

4. Enumerate five characteristics of

(i) Subsistence Agriculture

Answer:

a. Mostly practised by peasant farmers

b. Initial cost of production is very low

c. Labour is provided by the farmer and his family members

d. No specialization

e. Involved use of unskilled labour

(ii) Commercial Agriculture

Answer:

a. Large area of land is required for cultivation

b. Requires large capital for effective continuity.

c. Large output/yield

d. Requires the use of mechanized machines

e. Large and intensive animal production method

 

5. Highlight five advantages of subsistence and commercial agriculture

Answer:

Subsistence Agriculture

a. The risk of loss is very low

b. Does not require much intense cost

c. Provides sufficient food for the family

d. Involves little or no special skills to practice

e. Reduces pressure on the nation’s food demand.

Commercial Agriculture

Answer:

a. Specialization of labour

b. Encouragement of research work

c. Increased yield/output

d. Provision of cheap/products

e. Provision of quality products

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