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SS2: GOVERNMENT - 2ND TERM

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  1. Local Government Administration | Week 1
    4 Topics
  2. Structure of Local Government | Week 2
    7 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  3. Local Government Reforms | Week 3
    5 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  4. Pre-Colonial Political Administration In Nigeria | Week 4, 5 & 6
    6 Topics
    |
    3 Quizzes
  5. Colonialism | Week 7
    5 Topics
  6. British Colonial Administration in Nigeria I | Week 8
    4 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  7. British Colonial Administration in Nigeria II | Week 9
    5 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  8. French Colonial Administration | Week 10
    8 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  9. Leadership and Followership | Week 11
    8 Topics

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Topic Content:

  • Theory Questions and Answers – French Colonial Administration

Theory Questions and Answers – French Colonial Administration:

1. a. List the French territories in West Africa.

b. Describe the French administrative structure in West Africa.

2. a. What is the Policy of Assimilation?

b. Enumerate the features of the Policy of Assimilation in French West Africa.

3. a. Which policy of administration did the French turn to when policy of assimilation failed?

b. What are the qualifications for assimilation, for African indigenes in French colonies?

4. a. What is policy of association?

b. Why was the policy of association introduced to replace policy of assimilation?

5. Compare and Contrast French and British colonial administration in West Africa.

 

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Theory Questions – French Colonial Administration

 

1. a. List the French territories in West Africa.

Answer:

French Colonial Territories in West Africa were Senegal, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Togo, Ivory Coast (Cote D’Ivoire), Republic of Benin (Dahomey), Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) and Mauritania. Togo and French Cameroon were given to France as trust territories by the League of Nations after World War 1.

 

b. Describe the French administrative structure in West Africa.

Answer:

The French System of Administration in West Africa was a highly centralized Federation of all her territories with administrative headquarters in Dakar. It used direct rule and assimilation principles to administer her territories. After the Second World War, she adopted the policy of assimilation and afterwards, the policy of association.

 

2. a. What is the Policy of Assimilation?

Answer:

The policy of Assimilation was an administrative principle initially adopted by France in her territories where it aimed at turning Africans into Frenchmen after they had substituted their indigenous culture with French Language, Culture, Law, Religion and Civilization. This principle saw African culture as primitive, barbaric and uncivilized in the world. The Frenchified Africans were regarded as citizens and enjoyed the rights and privileges of French Citizens.

 

b. Enumerate the features of the Policy of Assimilation in French West Africa.

Answer:

Features of Policy of Assimilation

  • Under the policy of Assimilation, French Colonies were regarded as Overseas France or an integral part of France.
  • It made use of a direct centralized administrative system. French West Africa was administered as a unit, a Federation with administrative headquarters in Dakar, Senegal. At the head was a Governor General. Each territory was a component part of the Federation with a Governor as the head.
  • Africans were divided into citizens and subjects. Inhabitants of the four communes in Senegal namely: Dakar, St. Louis, Chorea and Rufisque were regarded as citizens and others in the other in the other communes as subjects.
  • Education was restricted to the children of the chiefs and people in the four communes.
  • It used a direct system of administration. As a result of the inadequacy of the French officials, traditional rulers were included in the civil service in the local administration.
  • Assimilated citizens could be elected into the French Legislative as Deputies or Senators.
  • African culture, native laws and languages were not respected.
  • Frenchified and educated elites were integrated into the system.

 

 

3. a. Which policy of administration did the French turn to when policy of assimilation failed?

Answer:

They turned to the policy of association. The Policy of Association was the second policy of the French Colonial Administration which recognized and preserved the identity, traditions, institutions, religions, customs, and way of life of the people within the French empire. This policy was emphasized by the French between 1920-1945.

 

b. What are the qualifications for assimilation, for African indigenes in French colonies?

Answer:

  • The indigene must be a native or inhabitant of any of four communes in Senegal: Rufisque, Dakar, Goree and St. Louis.
  • The person must be at least 18 years and above in the communes.
  • The person must be able to speak and write French proficiently. He must be educated in the French language.
  • The person must embrace French culture as a way of life and shun African culture.
  • He must be of good character. He must be morally sound.
  • He must have been in the French colonial administration’s employment for about 10 years.
  • The person must have a good means of livelihood.

 

4. a. What is policy of association?

Answer:

The Policy of Association was the second policy of the French Colonial Administration which recognized and preserved the identity, traditions, institutions, religions, customs, and way of life of the people within the French empire. This policy was emphasized by the French between 1920-1945.

 

b. Why was the policy of association introduced to replace policy of assimilation?

Answer:

  • The high cost of the policy of assimilation discouraged the continuation of the policy.
  • The assimilated elites kicked against the obnoxious policy of assimilation.
  • The rise to power of General Charles De Gaulle facilitated the replacement of the policy of assimilation with the policy of association as this policy recognized African culture and their culture and their participation in administration under the French empire.
  • French scholars felt it was bad to impose their culture and way of life on other people with their own distinct cultures and traditions.
  • The assimilation policy was highly discriminatory so there was a need for change.

 

5. Compare and Contrast French and British colonial administration in West Africa.

Answer:

  British French
i. British administration used an indirect rule system, ruled through traditional rulers. French Colonial administration used a direct rule system.
ii. It pursued an Indirect rule policy. It used policy of assimilation initially and later changed to policy of association.
iii. It respected African culture, customary laws, religions and way of life. It did not respect African customs and traditions.
iv. It regarded all Africans as subjects. It divided Africans into citizens and subjects.
v. Education was not restricted, it was thrown open to all. Education was restricted.
vi. It administered each district colony distinctly. It used decentralization of political administration. It administered all her West African colonies as a centralized Federation with administrative headquarters in Dakar.
vii. The colonies were not regarded as an integral part of Britain or Overseas Britain. The colonies were regarded as integral parts of France or Overseas France.

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