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SS1: CHEMISTRY - 2ND TERM

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  1. Kinetic Theory of Matter | Week 1
    3 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  2. Kinetic Theory of Matter & Gas Laws I | Week 2
    3 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  3. Gas Laws II | Week 3
    3 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  4. Gas Laws III | Week 4
    3 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  5. Gas Laws IV | Week 5
    3 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  6. Mole Concept | Week 6
    5 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  7. Acid, Bases and Salts I | Week 7
    7 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  8. Acid, Bases and Salts II | Week 8
    6 Topics
    |
    2 Quizzes
  9. Acid, Bases and Salts III | Week 9
    3 Topics
    |
    2 Quizzes
  10. Acid, Bases and Salts IV | Week 10
    4 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz
  11. Acid, Bases and Salts V | Week 11
    5 Topics
    |
    1 Quiz



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Topic Content:

  • Definition of Boyles Law
  • Graphical Representation of Boyle’s Law
  • Pictorial Representation of Boyle’s Law
  • How Kinetic Theory Explains Boyle’s Law
  • Calculations Based on Boyle’s Law
  • Theory Questions and Answers

An English Physicist, Robert Boyle, in 1662, studied the effect of pressure change on gas volume. His observations led to Boyle’s Law.

What is Boyle’s Law?

Boyle’s law states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, provided temperature remains constant.

It means that at constant temperature, an increase in the pressure exerted on a fixed mass of gas leads to a decrease in the gas volume and vice versa.

Mathematically:

\( \scriptsize V \propto \normalsize \frac{1}{P} \)

This proportionality can be converted into an equation by adding a constant, K.

i.e \( \scriptsize V = \normalsize \frac{1}{P}\scriptsize K \)

⇒ \( \scriptsize V = \normalsize \frac{K}{P} \)

Or \( \scriptsize PV = K \)

Where V = Volume

P = Pressure

K = Proportionality constant

Using the expression PV = K

 

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Question 1

Convert the following Celsius temperature to Kelvin temperature 

(a) 00

Answer = (0 + 273)k = 273k

(b) 1500

Answer =  (150 + 273)k = 423k

(c) 1000

Answer = (100 + 273)k = 373k

(d) 2750

Answer= (275 + 273)k = 548k

(e) -500C

Answer = (-50 + 273)k = 223k

Question 2

(a) State three Postulates of the Kinetic Theory of Gases

Answer –

(i) Gas molecules move randomly in a straight line colliding with one another and with the walls of the container

(ii) The collision between the gas molecules are perfectly elastic.

(iii) The actual volume occupied by the gas molecules is negligible compared with the volume of the container.

(b) Draw a sketch to illustrate Boyle’s law

Answer –

(c) The volume occupied by Carbon(IV)oxide at 760mmHg is 200cm3. Calculate the volume of the gas, if the pressure is changed to 253mmHg. Assuming the temperature of the system remains constant

Answer –

P1 = 760mmHg

V1 = 200cm3

P1 = 253mmHg

V2 = ?

P1V1 = P2V2

V2    = \( \frac{P_1V_1}{P_2} \\= \frac{760 \; \times \; 200}{253} \)

V2 = 600.79cm3

Question 3

(a) What do you understand by Standard Temperature and Pressure (s.t.p) 

Answer – Standard Temperature and Pressure (s.t.p) – a reference temperature and pressure arbitrarily adopted as standard temperature is 00C or 273k; standard temperature is 760mmHg or 1.01 x 105Nm-2 or 7atm or 101325pa.

(b) Convert to Celsius Temperature

(i) 275K 

Answer – -20C

(ii) 318K 

Answer –  450C

Question 4

(a) Draw a pictorial representation of Boyle’s Law

Answer – 

pictorial representation of Boyle’s Law

(b) The pressure of 100cm3 of Oxygen at 350C is 750mmHg. What will be the volume of the gas if the pressure is reduced to 100mmHg without changing the temperature\

Answer – 

V1 = 100cm3 P1 = 750mmHg

V2 = ? P1 = 100mmHg

P1V1 = P2V2

V2 = \(\frac{P_1 V_1}{P_2}\\ = \frac{750 \; \times \; 100}{100} \\ = \scriptsize 750cm^3 \)

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