Various Forms of Database

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Forms of Database
- Relational, Hierarchical, Network

We previously defined a database as a collection of records (data) stored at a central location for use by many different users. Hence, it provides consistency in the control of data.

There are three forms (models) of a database:

1. Relational database.

2. Hierarchical database.

3. Network database.

Relational Database:

This is also called a flat file. It uses a table to represent data and the relationship between the data. A table is made up of rows and columns, and each row represents a record (horizontal), while each column has a unique name. This is referred to as a field (vertical) – Tuples and Attributes.

Students Database:

Username	Name	Age	Sex	House	class
Kc 52116	Osuoha Williams	12	M	HARM	JS 3A
Kc 31278	Okon John	11	M	H/J	JS 3F
Kc 21185	GwaikyaaShienguvan	13	M	PANES’	JS 3J
Kc 23345	Mohammed Yusuf	14	M	MCK	JS 3C
Kc 42346	Fasanmoye Israel	14	M	HARM	JS 3E

_{Information about students’ records in a school}

Staff Database:

Staff No	Name	Sex	Dept	State	Subject
Kc 207	Yinusa Ahmed	M	LANG	Yobe	Arabic
Kc 3215	Okoro Ubah	M	SOC	Imo	Civic Ed
Kc 709	Tinubu Monsirat	F	MATHS	Oyo	Maths
Kc 999	Godspower Joseph	M	BUS	Bayelsa	Comm

_{Information about employees’ records in an Organization}

Customers Database:

Acct. No	Name	Sex	Acct. Type	Credit Bal.	Debit Bal
000211500	Akpan Emmanuel	M	Current	250,000	12,000
000211750	Olatunji Roseline	F	Savings	182,000	9,000
000211680	Akintomide Rebecca	F	Current	350,000	NIL
000211552	Ogbeh Boniface	M	Savings	500,000	16,000

_{Information about Customers’ records in a Bank}

Hierarchical Database:

This is in the form of a tree structure where records (information) are represented in terms of a parent-child relationship called a one-to-many relationship.

Each element in the structure is called a node. The node at the top of the tree is not a member of any relationship. So it is called a root node e.g

The structure above shows the Principal, Teachers, and Students of Kofa College. The Principal is the root node. The one-to-many relationship is that the principal has many teachers and a teacher has many students.

Network Database:

In this model, there are multiple interrelationships (many-to-many relationships of data). This makes provision for accessing a number of records from more than one record.

For example, many students are offering many subjects. Also, many subjects are being offered by many students.

JSS3: COMPUTER STUDIES - 1ST TERM

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